Supporting Indirectly Traumatized Populations: The Need to Assess Secondary Traumatic Stress for Helping Professionals in DSM--V

Kanno, Hanae

doi:10.1093/hsw/35.3.225

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Working in a frontline homeless service also exposes staff members to secondary traumatic stress (STS) resulting from exposure to high levels of traumatic material (and sometimes to first‐hand trauma, through violent incidents with service users). The symptoms of STS closely mirror diagnostic criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (Bride, ; Figley, ; Hensel, Ruiz, Finney, & Dewa, ; Kanno, ), especially hypervigilance, vivid memories or dreams involving the traumatic material and seeking to avoid internal or external cues that may trigger feelings linked to the traumatic material (Baird & Kracen, ; Bride, ; Kanno, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

An exploratory study on the factors affecting the mental health and well‐being of frontline workers in homeless services

Lemieux-Cumberlege

Taylor

2019

Health Soc Care Community

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Frontline workers in homeless services work in a high-intensity, emotionally consuming environment, with frequent exposure to traumatic material with potentially significant consequences for their own mental health. This, in turn, may have a negative impact on the quality of care provided to homeless service users. Prevention of this trajectory may be achieved through psychologically informed environments for staff.This study aimed to explore factors that may influence the development of burnout, secondary traumatic stress (STS), depression, anxiety and stress in this population.Elevated levels of burnout and STS were predicted, as was an association between the predictor variables of professional experience, educational background, continuing professional development, access to organisational support structures and the outcome measures of compassion satisfaction, burnout, STS, depression, anxiety and stress. An online cross-sectional survey design using the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Version V) and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and scales designed for this study capturing occupational variables were distributed via email and national networks to a wide range of services across Scotland and the rest of the UK.Over 4 months in 2017, 112 frontline homelessness workers in health, social care and third sector organisations completed the survey. Results did not indicate elevated levels of burnout or STS, though depression and stress were found to be significantly elevated compared to population norms and were associated with burnout, compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress. High levels of various types of supervision support and CPD were identified. There was no association between these and burnout or stress. We highlight the elevated levels of stress and depression and make a research recommendation to parse types of supervision to assess for optimal effectiveness and efficiency in ensuring that staff working in high-stress homelessness settings receive optimal support to deliver high quality services. K E Y W O R D Sdepression, frontline workers, homelessness; psychologically informed environments, secondary trauma, stress

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

An exploratory study on the factors affecting the mental health and well‐being of frontline workers in homeless services

Lemieux-Cumberlege

Taylor

2019

Health Soc Care Community

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“…Secondary traumatic stress symptoms are classified under anxiety disorders (Sadock & Sadock, 2007). The symptom categories include avoidant responses, physiological arousal and intrusive imagery and are principally identical to posttraumatic-stress (PTSD) symptoms, albeit less severe and contracted in a secondary fashion (Bride et al, 2003;Hope, 2006;Kanno, 2010).…”

Section: Effects Of Environment and Professional Caregiving Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a negative consequence, this can impair the functionality of the caregiver (Bride et al, 2003;Hope, 2006;Kanno, 2010). Taking into consideration that stress is accumulative, the frequency of exposure to stressful events over a prolonged period of time corresponds with the observations of learned helplessness, therefore determining another negative outcome for wellbeing (Peterson, Maier, & Seligman, 1993;Schwarzer & Schulz, 2003).…”

Section: Social Worker Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Traumatic Stress, Psychological Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction of Social Workers in Namibia

Perstling

Rothmann

2012

Journal of Psychology in Africa

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“…Some scholars have argued that the inclusion of indirect informational exposure in the definition of Criterion A will “diminish the magnitude of the stressor and the significance of PTSD” (Andreasen, , p. 1322). Others, however, view indirect PTSS as a clinical and empirical fact and have argued in favor of acknowledging ST by incorporating it into the PTSD diagnosis (e.g., Kanno, ). In contrast, Horesh () viewed the inclusion of indirect exposure in the DSM‐5 definition of trauma as a positive step, but raised concerns about the gap between the DSM‐5 definition of indirect exposure and the literature regarding the mechanisms of ST.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Exposure to Captivity Details Is Not Related to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among the Spouses and Offspring of Former Prisoners of War

Zerach

Solomon

2016

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Indirect exposure to the aversive details of the primary victim's traumatic event(s) has been introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) as a new event criterion (Criterion A4). However, this new criterion has been criticized for its significant emphasis on the exposure to trauma "details" or trauma narrative. This study assessed the associations between reported exposure to details about captivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among 2 groups of family members of former prisoners of war (ex-POWs): spouses (n = 115) and adult offspring (n = 78). Results show that in both groups exposure to details regarding captivity was not significantly related to the severity of total PTSS and specifically, high levels of exposure to captivity details were related to lower avoidance symptoms among ex-POWs' spouses. Among offspring, exposure to paternal behaviors stemming from the fathers' posttraumatic stress disorder was related to PTSS, above and beyond negative life events, quality of relationship with the father, and exposure to captivity details (R = .34). These results suggest that behavioral displays of the fathers' posttraumatic symptoms, rather than the recounting of trauma-related details, is related to PTSS among ex-POWs' offspring.

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Supporting Indirectly Traumatized Populations: The Need to Assess Secondary Traumatic Stress for Helping Professionals in DSM--V

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

An exploratory study on the factors affecting the mental health and well‐being of frontline workers in homeless services

An exploratory study on the factors affecting the mental health and well‐being of frontline workers in homeless services

Secondary Traumatic Stress, Psychological Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction of Social Workers in Namibia

Indirect Exposure to Captivity Details Is Not Related to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among the Spouses and Offspring of Former Prisoners of War

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