Supporting Mutual Understanding in a Visual Dialogue between Analyst and Computer

Chappell, Alan R.; Cowell, Andrew; Thurman, David A.; Thomson, Judi R.

doi:10.1177/154193120404800322

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Presently, analysts must use independent tools such as pencil-and-paper or the included OneNote TM interface in order to capture notes and thoughts. The ENTITY WORKSPACE system [3,5] from PARC suggests a number of interesting evidence-marshalling ideas here as does the Shared Reasoning Layer of KANI [7].…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization

Stasko

Görg

Liu

2008

Information Visualization

342

271

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Investigative analysts who work with collections of text documents connect embedded threads of evidence in order to formulate hypotheses about plans and activities of potential interest. As the number of documents and the corresponding number of concepts and entities within the documents grow larger, sense-making processes become more and more difficult for the analysts. We have developed a visual analytic system called Jigsaw that represents documents and their entities visually in order to help analysts examine reports more efficiently and develop theories about potential actions more quickly. Jigsaw provides multiple coordinated views of document entities with a special emphasis on visually illustrating connections between entities across the different documents.

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Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probably the closest system to our work is the KANI [7] project that includes a component for visualizing entities from textual documents. KANI has two main views, a document viewer that highlights entities and their selected relationships and a graph view that shows different entities connected in a node-link structure.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization

Stasko

Görg

Liu

2008

Information Visualization

342

271

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While a variety of analytical tools have been designed to support understanding and planning in complex domains (e.g., Allen, Corpac, and Frisbie, 2006;Chappell et al, 2004;Chen and Lee, 2003;Langton and Das, 2007;Surdu and Kitka, 2008;Vester, 2007), the effectiveness of such tools is not often investigated in a systematic manner using the experimental research method (e.g., Lafond et al, 2012;Lerch and Harter, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cognitive prosthesis for complex decision-making

et al. 2017

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While simple heuristics can be ecologically rational and effective in naturalistic decision making contexts, complex situations require analytical decision making strategies, hypothesis-testing and learning. Sub-optimal decision strategies -using simplified as opposed to analytic decision rules -have been reported in domains such as healthcare, military operational planning, and government policy making. We investigate the potential of a computational toolkit called "IMAGE" to improve decision-making by developing structural knowledge and increasing understanding of complex situations. IMAGE is tested within the context of a complex military convoy management task through (a) interactive simulations, and (b) visualization and knowledge representation capabilities. We assess the usefulness of two versions of IMAGE (desktop and immersive) compared to a baseline. Results suggest that the prosthesis helped analysts in making better decisions, but failed to increase their structural knowledge about the situation once the cognitive prosthesis is removed.

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“…A major factor contributing to this increase is the Novel Intelligence from Massive Data program (Gray, 2003) sponsored by the Advanced Research and Development Activity. This and other related efforts aim to augment the capabilities of analysts through the development of tools to aid in the search and consolidation process (Chappell, Cowell, Thurman, & Thompson, 2004;Cowell, Chappell, & Thurman, 2005;Elm et al, 2004;Gray, Schoelles, Bringsjord, Burrows, & Colder, 2003;Gray, Schoelles, & Veksler, 2004;E. Santos, Nguyen, Zhao, & Wang, 2003;Thurman & Gray, 2004).…”

Section: Constraints On Human Performance In Homeland Security Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Factors of Homeland Security

Cooke¹,

Winner²

2007

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Humans play a role in all aspects of homeland security, including the functions of deterrence, detection, and response and in the capacities of both administrators and recipients of security procedures. The field of human factors has contributed to homeland security functions through design of user-centered technology and training programs, through metrics for assessing human performance, through environmental design, and through organizational changes targeting the larger sociotechnical system. In this chapter, we review these and other contributions and propose an agenda for future research and development on human factors of homeland security. We conclude that the field of human factors provides many lowcost, high-impact solutions that reach beyond the bounds of the human-single machine interface. On September 11, 2001, an attack on U.S. soil of previously unimagined magnitude drew increased attention to homeland security. Humans, and thus human factors, pervade nearly every aspect of homeland security. Most obvious and visible to the public are the human factors issues surrounding security screening, which occurs primarily at airports. These issues include human-technology interaction (i.e., with passenger metal detectors and checked baggage x-ray systems) and the selection and training of the operators. Also of interest are the interactions among the technology, the environment in which it is embedded, the screeners, and the traveling public, who may inadvertently exert pressure on the screeners to move quickly through the process. Perhaps less obvious are the human factors issues surrounding other, less visible aspects of homeland security, such as those integral to the analysis of intelligence information and, specifically, the presentation, understanding, and sharing of that information. Questions of how humans process large amounts of information and coordinate as part of a larger information system are of critical importance. There are also human factors issues associated with the response to threatening events. Flight crew procedures for dealing with hijackings are relevant, as is the adaptive behavior of crews under unanticipated circumstances. Communications, interorganizational dissemination of information, group situation assessment, teamwork, interagency coordination, and adaptation are necessary for effective emergency response to such events. Humans indeed have an important role to play in homeland security functions, and a consideration of the human factors of homeland security is needed to maximize human effectiveness in this complex system. In this chapter, we explore the topic of human factors of homeland security by identifying the scope of the problem, reviewing the relevant human factors literature, and proposing an agenda for future work in the area.

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Supporting Mutual Understanding in a Visual Dialogue between Analyst and Computer

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization

Jigsaw: Supporting Investigative Analysis through Interactive Visualization

A cognitive prosthesis for complex decision-making

Human Factors of Homeland Security

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