“…As far as we have seen, most studies conducted to enhance students' IPS ability have focused on tools and methods to structure information (De Vries, van der Meij, & Lazonder, ), to draw attention to metacognition (Stadtler & Bromme, ) and to make students aware of what is critical in IPS (Kuiper, Volman, & Terwel, ). In our review of the literature, we have not found documentation of other studies that analyse the relationships between the use of IPS skills and learning outcomes.…”