Suppressed endothelin-1 by anti-VEGF therapy is important for patients with BRVO-related macular edema to improve their vision

Abstract

Background: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) commonly occurs at the arteriovenous crossing in the unilateral eye, and cardiovascular diseases can be risk factors of BRVO. However, the pathomechanism leading to BRVO is not yet clear. In addition to mechanical compression, the vein might locally constrict due to an altered biochemical environment, such as an increase in the concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We evaluated changes in ET-1 following injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), which is the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent with the longest serum half-life, to determine the effect on BRVO-related macular edema.

Protective effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of branch retinal vein occlusion via decreasing VEGF-α expression

“…So, the agent targeted to VEGF-α is regarded as a promising method. At present, anti-VEGF-α is a direct intervention to reduce the expression of VEGF-α and clinical studies have confirmed it was valid [25,26] . However, anti-VEGF-α agent still inevitably exist some potential disadvantages: 1) molecular targeting drug is expensive for most BRVO patients; 2) Some patients are insensitive to anti-VEGF-α agent and even suffer severe adverse effects; 3) VEGF-α plays an essential role in physical reaction and anti-VEGF-α agent administrated would damage retinal nerve cells [27,28] .…”

Protective effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of branch retinal vein occlusion via decreasing VEGF-α expression

“…Therefore, agents that target VEGF-α have been regarded as a promising method. At present, anti-VEGF-α is a direct intervention to reduce the expression of VEGF-α, and clinical studies have confirmed that it is valid [35,36]. However, anti-VEGF-α agents still inevitably exhibit some potential disadvantages: 1) molecular targeting drugs are expensive for BRVO patients from poor countries; 2) some patients are insensitive to anti-VEGF-α agents and even suffer severe side effects [10,37]; and…”

Studies of Systemic and Local Cytokine Level in Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated With Antiangiogenic Therapy

“…Аналогичные изменения в жид-ких средах глаза были описаны в некоторых ис-следованиях [2,7,12,14,16]. Кроме того, на фоне анти-VEGF терапии было зарегистрировано снижение концентрации ET-1 в сыворотке кро-ви и слезе в общей группе пациентов, что также было отмечено некоторыми авторами [21].…”