Suppressing the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism by a Symmetry-Violating Bias

Rysti, J.; Mäkinen, J. T.; Autti, S.; Kamppinen, T.; Volovik, G. E.; Eltsov, V. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.115702

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This observation, together with the scaling of the soliton peak intensity with the angular velocity of the sample container confirmed the existence of HQVs [4] and of the spin-mass vortices [56]. The soliton peak has also been used to study the KZM of topological defect formation, in particular to demonstrate variety of defect types created by the KZM [57] and to find modification of the KZM in the presence of a symmetry-breaking bias field [74], where the number of defects created in the phase transition was suppressed by applying magnetic field tilted with respect to the system symmetry axis during the superfluid transition. In the PdB phase, the NMR properties of the spin soliton were used to identify the type of soliton accompanying the KLS walls, where multiple possibilities existed [5,42]-the experiments and numerics are in beautiful agreement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, since the angular velocity is conserved in the superfluid phase transition, this implies that SQVs were created. The effect of the applied magnetic field on HQV creation was further studied in stationary (non-rotating) measurements in [74], where HQVs were created by temperature quenches via the KZM. The conclusion was that the HQV density is suppressed at the normalpolar phase transition when the soliton width, controlled by the magnetic field, becomes smaller than the Kibble-Zurek length l KZ , cf figure 17 and equation (68).…”

Section: Hqvs In the Polar Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suppression of the HQV density created by the KZM under a symmetry-breaking bias. (a) Filled red circles, magenta triangles, and black diamonds correspond to quench rates of τ Q ≈ 3.8 × 10 2 s, τ Q ≈ 1.4 × 10 3 s, and τ Q ≈ 7.7 × 10 3 s, respectively, while applying a constant H = 11 mT magnetic field [74]. The field is rotated to achieve different bias fields H ⊥ = H sin µ.…”

Section: Hqvs In the Polar Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He

Mäkinen

Zhang

Eltsov

2023

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The different superfluid phases of 3He are described by p-wave order parameters that include anisotropy axes both in the orbital and spin spaces. The anisotropy axes characterize the broken symmetries in these macroscopically coherent quantum many-body systems. The systems' free energy has several degenerate minima for certain orientations of the anisotropy axes. As a result, spatial variation of the order parameter between two such regions, settled in different energy minima, forms a topological soliton. Such solitons can terminate in the bulk liquid, where the termination line forms a vortex with trapped circulation of mass and spin superfluid currents. Here we discuss possible soliton-vortex structures based on the symmetry and topology arguments and focus on the three structures observed in experiments: solitons bounded by spin-mass vortices in the B phase, solitons bounded by half-quantum vortices in the polar and polar-distorted A phases, and the composite defect fomed by a half-quantum vortex, soliton and the Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi wall in the polar-distorted B phase. The observations are based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and are of three types: first, solitons can form a potential well for trapped spin waves, observed as an extra peak in the NMR spectrum at shifted frequency; second, they can increase the relaxation rate of the NMR spin precession; lastly, the soliton can present the boundary conditions for the anisotropy axes in bulk, modifying the bulk NMR signal. Owing to solitons' prominent NMR signatures and the ability to manipulate their structure with external magnetic field, solitons have become an important tool for probing and controlling the structure and dynamics of superfluid 3He, in particular half-quantum vortices with core-bound Majorana modes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Hqvs In the Polar Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hqvs In the Polar Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He

Mäkinen

Zhang

Eltsov

2023

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…Indeed, the HQVs were experimentally observed in nematic aerogels under rotation Autti et al (2016). The HQVs were also created by temperature quench via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism Rysti et al (2021). As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Platforms For Majorana Zero Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Abelian Anyons and Non-Abelian Vortices in Topological Superconductors

Yumoto¹,

Mizushima²,

Nitta³

2023

Preprint

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Anyons are particles obeying statistics of neither bosons nor fermions. Non-Abelian anyons, whose exchanges are described by a non-Abelian group acting on a set of wave functions, are attracting a great attention because of possible applications to topological quantum computations. Braiding of non-Abelian anyons corresponds to quantum computations. The simplest non-Abelian anyons are Ising anyons which can be realized by Majorana fermions hosted by vortices or edges of topological superconductors, = 5∕2 quantum Hall states, spin liquids, and dense quark matter. While Ising anyons are insufficient for universal quantum computations, Fibonacci anyons present in = 12∕5 quantum Hall states can be used for universal quantum computations. Yang-Lee anyons are nonunitary counterparts of Fibonacci anyons. Another possibility of non-Abelian anyons (of bosonic origin) is given by vortex anyons, which are constructed from non-Abelian vortices supported by a non-Abelian first homotopy group, relevant for certain nematic liquid crystals, superfluid 3 He, spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, and high density quark matter. Finally, there is a unique system admitting two types of non-Abelian anyons, Majorana fermions (Ising anyons) and non-Abelian vortex anyons. That is 3 2 superfluids (spin-triplet, -wave paring of neutrons), expected to exist in neutron star interiors as the largest topological quantum matter in our universe.

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“…Hence, one can infer properties of the posttransition broken symmetry state arising from this nonequilibrium process-including the dependence of the density of topological defects and other excitations deposited by the quench on the speed of the transition-from the universal equilibrium scalings and the quench rate (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This leads to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) that is still being tested both numerically and in laboratory experiments (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum phase transition dynamics in the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model

et al. 2022

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The quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism (QKZM) predicts universal dynamical behavior near the quantum phase transitions (QPTs). It is now well understood for the one-dimensional quantum matter. Higher-dimensional systems, however, remain a challenge, complicated by the fundamentally different character of the associated QPTs and their underlying conformal field theories. In this work, we take the first steps toward theoretical exploration of the QKZM in two dimensions for interacting quantum matter. We study the dynamical crossing of the QPT in the paradigmatic Ising model by a joint effort of modern state-of-the-art numerical methods, including artificial neural networks and tensor networks. As a central result, we quantify universal QKZM behavior close to the QPT. We also note that, upon traversing further into the ferromagnetic regime, deviations from the QKZM prediction appear. We explain the observed behavior by proposing an extended QKZM taking into account spectral information as well as phase ordering. Our work provides a testing platform for higher-dimensional quantum simulators.

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Suppressing the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism by a Symmetry-Violating Bias

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He

Non-Abelian Anyons and Non-Abelian Vortices in Topological Superconductors

Quantum phase transition dynamics in the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model

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Suppressing the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism by a Symmetry-Violating Bias

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid 3He

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid 3He

Non-Abelian Anyons and Non-Abelian Vortices in Topological Superconductors

Quantum phase transition dynamics in the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model

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Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid ³He