Suppression by Cortisol of Increased Serum-Transaminase Induced by Endotoxin

Melby, J. C.; Bossenmaier, IreneC.; Egdahl, R.H.; Spink, Wesley W.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(59)92260-3

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been reported that antihistamines (Baker and Remington, 1958;Bliss and others, 1959) or adrenergic blockade (Maher and others, 1958a) will reduce the effect of plasma infusion, and cortisol has been shown to prevent endotoxin shock (Melby, Egdahl, Bossenmaier, and Spink, 1959). In our studies the anaphylactoid response was considerably modified by preliminary portocaval anastomosis or by diphenhydramine, but cortisol was ineffective.…”

supporting

confidence: 39%

Anaphylactoid Shock from Blood Exchange as a Factor in Experimental Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Hamer¹,

Dickson²,

Dow³

et al. 1959

Thorax

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During 75 cardiopulmonary bypass experiments in dogs, a fall in arterial pressure or a tendency for the animal to take up blood from the extracorporeal circuit was noted at the onset of perfusion. To determine the mechanism of these reactions, the effect of homologous blood exchange in the dog was studied using a variety of techniques, including total and partial cardiac bypass. METHODS In the 75 preliminary total cardiopulmonary bypass studies a vertical-screen oxygenator and rotary pumps were used. The priming volume was approximately 3 litres and blood from four or five donors was required. Subsequent total bypass experiments were performed with a rotating-disc oxygenator and a pump driven by compressed air (Hufnagel, McAlinden, Vardar, DeVenecia, and Real, 1958). The volume of this circuit was somewhat smaller and only three donors were needed in most experiments.The two partial cardiac bypass techniques used were veno-arterial pumping and left heart bypass. Venoarterial pumping consists of transferring the superior vena caval return to the lower aorta without oxygenation (Hamer, Dickson, and Dow, 1959), and left heart bypass involves pumping oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the aorta. A simple circuit with a closed venous reservoir and a capacity of 800 ml. was used for both these procedures, and was usually filled with blood from one donor.Blood exchange with constant volume was performed by placing 200 ml. of blood from each of one to four donor animals in a closed flask suspended above the recipient and connected to cannulae in the femoral artery and vein. When the cannulae were opened pressure in the flask rose 25 to 30 mm. Hg and blood exchange occurred, the volume of blood in the flask increasing by less than 50 ml.Mongrel pressure by a catheter placed in the cranial mesenteric vein through a small abdominal incision. Normal respiration was allowed unless thoracotomy was part of the procedure, when artificial ventilation was maintained through an endotracheal tube. With all techniques blood exchange was begun at between 300 and 600 ml. per minute. Both total and partial cardiac bypass studies were continued for one hour. The effect of intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 to 7 mg.) was also studied.Pressures were recorded with Statham P23AA strain gauges and a Cambridge direct-writing instrument. Blood samples were obtained from the recording catheters and from the bypass. Oxygen and CO> contents were determined by the method of Van Slyke and Neill (1924), and oxygen saturation was expressed as a percentage of the haemoglobin capacity without correcting for the oxygen in solution. Plasma pH was measured using a Beckman model G meter. The haematocrit was determined and the nomogram devised by Singer and Hastings (1948) for human blood was used to derive the blood buffer-base and C02 tension. Blood lactate (Mitchell and Cournand, 1955) and pyruvate (Friedemann and Haugen, 1943) were measured, and plasma sodium, chloride, and potassium levels determined. RESULTS The incidence o...

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supporting

confidence: 39%

Anaphylactoid Shock from Blood Exchange as a Factor in Experimental Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Hamer¹,

Dickson²,

Dow³

et al. 1959

Thorax

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“…The rise in plasma histamine from endotoxin was no different in EACA pretreated animals, but was much less in cortisol-treated animals than in control animals given endotoxin (Table II). Liberation of histamine from cells is probably inhibited by cortisol at the cell surface, since the liberation of several cellular enzymes by endotoxin is considerably diminished both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of pharmacologic amounts of cortisol (32,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Initial Stage of Canine Endotoxin Shock as an Expression of Anaphylactic Shock: Studies on Complement Titers and Plasma Histamine Concentrations*

Spink¹,

Davis²,

Potter³

et al. 1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…3). (12,18,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). In the canine there is a temporary improvement and recovery of the arterial blood pressure after the initial hypotension immediately following endotoxin.…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol in canine endotoxin shock

Starzecki¹,

Spink²

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Myocardial function and peripheral hemodynamic alterations were measured through the late stages of canine endotoxin shock. 60 min postendotoxin paired animals were given infusions of either 5 ml/kg per hr of 5%o dextrose or dextrose plus isoproterenol (0.25 pg/kg per min). Comparable blood lactic and pyruvic acid levels were determined, the excess lactic acid calculated, and pH values were obtained. During the initial stages the classic pattern of hemodynamic alterations was observed; an excess of lactic acid appeared and the pH decreased. Outstanding was evidence of markedly reduced myocardial function in the late stages of shock with progressive rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), low cardiac index, rise of central venous pressure, increased central blood 'volume, tachycardia, and declining arterial pressure. Analyses of left ventricular function curves also indicated myocardial failure.Infusion of dextrose alone failed to decrease mortality rate (10 of 18 dying), whereas the rate was significantly decreased with isoproterenol (2 of 18). Dextrose infusion did not benefit myocardial function. Isoproterenol resulted in a marked improvement in myocardial action with a significant increase in heart work associated with, yet very minor, increments of LVEDP. In addition, tachycardia subsided, peripheral resistance decreased, and the blood pressure stabilized. The Address requests for reprints to Dr.

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Suppression by Cortisol of Increased Serum-Transaminase Induced by Endotoxin

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Anaphylactoid Shock from Blood Exchange as a Factor in Experimental Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Anaphylactoid Shock from Blood Exchange as a Factor in Experimental Cardiopulmonary Bypass

The Initial Stage of Canine Endotoxin Shock as an Expression of Anaphylactic Shock: Studies on Complement Titers and Plasma Histamine Concentrations*

Hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol in canine endotoxin shock

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