Suppression Effect ofCinnamomum cassiaBark-Derived Component on Nitric Oxide Synthase

Abstract

The inhibitory effects of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived material on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells was determined through the evaluation of NO production and expression of inducible nitric oxide and compared to the effects of three commercially available compounds, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, and eugenol. The biologically active constituents of C. cassia extract were characterized as trans-cinnamaldehyde by spectral analysis. The inhibitory effects varied with both chemical and concentration used. Potent inhibitory effects of cinnamaldehyde against NO production were 81.5 and 71.7% at 1.0 and 0.5 microg/microL, respectively, and a 41.2% inhibitory effect was revealed at 0.1 microg/microL. However, little or no activity was observed for cinnamic acid and eugenol. Suppression effects of cinnamaldehyde on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were revealed by Western blot analysis. As a naturally occurring therapeutic agent, trans-cinnamaldehyde could be useful for developing new types of NO inhibitors.

Inhibitory Effects of Several Spices on Inflammation Caused by Advanced Glycation Endproducts

“…Additionally, based on the previous studies, the possible active components present in spices could be reasonably posited. Trans-cinnamaldehyde has been proven to be the active component that was responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon methanolic extract by considering the LPS-induced production of NO in RAW264.7 macrophages as an inflammatory model [19]. Based on the same model, carnosic acid and carnosol were identified as major contributors to the anti-inflammatory activity of rosemary [20].…”

Neuroprotective Effect of <i>trans</i>-Cinnamaldehyde on the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Dopaminergic Injury

“…TCA is known to be an active component which can be derived from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia. 12) We previously observed that CR (young twigs of Cinnamomum cassia) especially can inhibit the activation of many inflammatory genes to suppress the inflammation induced by LPS in the BV2 microglial cells as shown through a microarray analysis. 11) Moreover, it was shown that 2′-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a component of the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, inhibits LPS-stimulated microglial activation through a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1).…”

“…9) Our group recently reported the anti-inflammatory effects of CR 10,11) ; in addition, some reports have shown that TCA exhibits anti-inflammatory activities. [12][13][14][15][16] As cinnamaldehyde showed the anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages, we speculated that TCA may exhibit a similar anti-inflammatory effect in microglia, which act as a sensor for pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). 17,18) Therefore, we evaluated the effects of TCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the BV2 microglial cells.…”

Anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils and their constituents from different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaves

“…Cinnamaldehyde type (COA, COB, and COC) contained more trans-cinnamaldehyde and also strongly inhibited NO production, consistent with our previous study showing that trans-cinnamaldehyde has excellent inhibitory activity on NO production . Furthermore, Lee et al (2002) showed that trans-cinnamaldehyde strongly suppresses NO synthase.…”