Suppression of intrachannel four-wave-mixing–induced ghost pulses in high-speed transmissions by phase inversion between adjacent marker blocks

Abstract

We propose a method for suppressing the intensity of the worst ghost pulse (a single ghost pulse between two long marker blocks) resulting from intrachannel four-wave mixing (FWM) in strongly dispersion-managed on-off keying optical transmissions by inverting the optical phases of the marker blocks surrounding the ghost pulse. We show both analytically and numerically that the method provides substantial suppression of the maximum ghost pulse energy. The suppression is experimentally verified in 40-Gbit/s transmission experiment over a 100-km non-zero-dispersion-shifted fiber. The proposed method may extend the reach of high-bit-rate optical transmission systems in which intrachannel FWM is the dominating nonlinear penalty.

Suppression of intrachannel nonlinear effects using pseudoternary constrained codes

“…Simulation results presented here show a significant performance improvement ranging from 4.5 dB to 14 dB depending on modulation code, modulation format, extinction ratio and number of spans. (Notice that infinite extinction ratio was assumed in [2][3][4] thus over-estimating the performance improvement. )…”

“…Common approaches to reduce ghost pulse creation are to remove phase coherence between neighboring pulses [2][3], or to implement alternate-polarization formats [4].…”

Nonlinear loop mirror-based all-optical signal processing in fiber-optic communications

“…In high bit-rate, strongly DM RZ systems, the optimal transmission regimes are at higher powers compared to NRZ and, as previously mentioned, are limited by intrachannel nonlinear effects. Even when the signal amplitude noise is reduced [31][32][33][34][110][111][112], timing jitter can be still an important limiting factor in such systems. It is also well-known that the NRZ format is resistant to timing jitter.…”

Optical data transmission using periodic in-line all-optical format conversion

“…Such nonlinear impairments mainly manifest themselves as signal amplitude noise (amplitude fluctuations in the "ones" and/or growth of noise and radiative background in the "zeros"), and signal timing jitter. Even when the amplitude noise is reduced [9,10,11,12,13], timing jitter can be still an important limiting factor in RZ transmission systems. It is also well-known that the NRZ modulation format is resistant to timing jitter.…”