Suppression of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Blood Feeding from Hereford Cattle and Ponies Treated with Permethrin

Schmidtmann, E. T.; Lloyd, John E.; Bobian, R. J.; Kumar, R.; Waggoner, J. W.; Tabachnick, Walter J.; Legg, David

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.5.728

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Accordingly, treating cattle with pyrethroids is unlikely to be sustainable and would contribute to even more rapid development of resistance. Furthermore, it has been shown, with few exceptions, that the impact of pyrethroids on cattle is effective for less than 1 week [ 52 – 54 ] which would require weekly re-application. In addition, some pyrethroids have shown repellent effects on mosquitoes [ 55 ] which can be highly counterproductive, as vectors could be diverted to feed on people, thereby increasing transmission [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands

Ndenga

Mulaya

Musaki

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundBlood-meal sources of malaria vectors affect their capacity to transmit the disease. Most efficient malaria vectors prefer human hosts. However, with increasing personal protection measures it becomes more difficult for them to find human hosts. Here recent malaria vector blood-meal sources in western Kenya highlands were investigated.MethodsAdult mosquitoes resting indoors, outdoors and exiting through windows were collected in three study areas within the western Kenya highlands from June 2011 to June 2013. A census of people, livestock and of insecticide-treated nets was done per house. Mosquito blood-meal sources were determined as human, goat, bovine or chicken using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assays.ResultsMost (86.3 %) households possessed at least one bed net, 57.2 % had domesticated animals and 83.6 % had people sharing houses with livestock at night. Most (94.9 %) unfed malaria vectors were caught exiting through windows. Overall, 53.1 % of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto obtained blood-meals from humans, 26.5 % from goats and 18.4 % from bovines. Single blood-meal sources by An. gambiae s.s. from humans were 26.5 %, 8.2 % from bovines and 2.0 % from goats. Mixed blood-meal sources by An. gambiae s.s. identified included: 24.5 % human/goat, 10.2 % human/bovine, 8.2 % human/bovine/goat and also 8.2 % bovine/goat. One An. arabiensis mosquito obtained blood-meal only from humans.ConclusionAn unusually high frequency of animal and mixed human-animal blood meals in the major malaria vector An. gambiae s.s. was revealed in the western Kenya highlands where bed net coverage is above the WHO target. The shift in blood-meal sources from humans to livestock is most likely the vectors’ response to increased bed net coverage and the close location of livestock frequently in the same house as people at night. Livestock-targeted interventions should be considered under these circumstances to address residual malaria transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands

Ndenga

Mulaya

Musaki

et al. 2016

Malar J

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“…When cattle are treated with insecticides against tsetse flies or trypanocides against the parasites, it reduces the abundance of vectors and parasites thus preventing transmission of HAT (49, 50, 51, 135). Insecticidal or acaricidal treatment of cattle also has positive impacts in controlling other mosquito vectors (136), blackflies (137), leishmaniasis (138, 139, 140) and preventing tick-borne diseases in non-integrated ecosystems (141, 142).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cattle on vector-borne disease risk to humans: A systematic review

Chakraborty

Gao

Allan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) may be transmitted among humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, with cattle in particular serving as an important source of exposure risk to humans. The close associations between humans and cattle can facilitate transmission of numerous VBDs which can impact nations’ public health and economic security. Published studies demonstrate that cattle can influence human exposure risk positively, negatively or have no effect. There is a critical need to synthesize the information in the scientific literature on this subject, in order to illuminate the various ecological mechanisms that can affect the risk of humans contracting VBDs from cattle. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to review the scientific literature, provide a synthesis of the possible effects of cattle on VBD risk to humans, and propose future directions for research. This study was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 extension guidelines for systematic review. After screening 470 peer-reviewed articles published between 1999 – 2019 using the databases Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed Central, CABI Global Health, and Google Scholar, and utilizing forward and backward search techniques, we identified 127 papers that met inclusion criteria. Results of the systematic review indicate that cattle can be beneficial or harmful to human health with respect to VBDs depending on vector and pathogen ecology and livestock management practices. Cattle can increase risk of exposure to infections transmitted by tsetse flies and ticks, followed by sandflies and mosquitoes, through a variety of mechanisms. However, cattle can have a protective effect when the vector prefers to feed on cattle instead of humans and when chemical control measures (e.g., acaricides/insecticides), semio-chemicals, and other integrated vector control measures are utilized in the community. We highlight that further research is needed to determine ways in which these mechanisms may be exploited to reduce VBD risk in humans.

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“…lower efficiency of feed conversion, weight gain and milk production) [31]. Namely, insecticide treatment of livestock has been applied against tsetse flies transmitted animal and human trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa [32], [33], [34], [35], tick-borne diseases worldwide (such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis) [33], [36], and a variety of other biting and/or nuisance flies [37], [38], mosquitoes [38], [39], biting midges [40], mites, and lice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Malaria Using Livestock-Based Interventions: A One Health Approach

et al. 2014

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Where malaria is transmitted by zoophilic vectors, two types of malaria control strategies have been proposed based on animals: using livestock to divert vector biting from people (zooprophylaxis) or as baits to attract vectors to insecticide sources (insecticide-treated livestock). Opposing findings have been obtained on malaria zooprophylaxis, and despite the success of an insecticide-treated livestock trial in Pakistan, where malaria vectors are highly zoophilic, its effectiveness is yet to be formally tested in Africa where vectors are more anthropophilic. This study aims to clarify the different effects of livestock on malaria and to understand under what circumstances livestock-based interventions could play a role in malaria control programmes. This was explored by developing a mathematical model and combining it with data from Pakistan and Ethiopia. Consistent with previous work, a zooprophylactic effect of untreated livestock is predicted in two situations: if vector population density does not increase with livestock introduction, or if livestock numbers and availability to vectors are sufficiently high such that the increase in vector density is counteracted by the diversion of bites from humans to animals. Although, as expected, insecticide-treatment of livestock is predicted to be more beneficial in settings with highly zoophilic vectors, like South Asia, we find that the intervention could also considerably decrease malaria transmission in regions with more anthropophilic vectors, like Anopheles arabiensis in Africa, under specific circumstances: high treatment coverage of the livestock population, using a product with stronger or longer lasting insecticidal effect than in the Pakistan trial, and with small (ideally null) repellency effect, or if increasing the attractiveness of treated livestock to malaria vectors. The results suggest these are the most appropriate conditions for field testing insecticide-treated livestock in an Africa region with moderately zoophilic vectors, where this intervention could contribute to the integrated control of malaria and livestock diseases.

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Suppression of Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Blood Feeding from Hereford Cattle and Ponies Treated with Permethrin

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands

Effects of cattle on vector-borne disease risk to humans: A systematic review

Controlling Malaria Using Livestock-Based Interventions: A One Health Approach

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