Superior electrocatalytic activity of catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) enhances the reversible energy storage efficiency of metal− air batteries and electrochemical water splitting performances to produce hydrogen. Sr incorporation in the BaCoO 3−δ lattice in the form of 2H-type Ba 1−x Sr x CoO 3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) perovskites enhances both ORR and OER activities. A relatively low overpotential of 395 mV at 10 mA/cm 2 , lower Tafel slope of 64.95 mV dec −1 , and good stability up to 500 cycles (10% reduction of current density and overpotential shift to a 0.04 V higher value) in a 0.1 M KOH electrolyte were obtained for the Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ electrode. Incorporation of Sr in the BaCoO 3−δ lattice decreases the Co−O−Co bond angle that results in a superior orbital overlap between Co(3d) and O(2p) orbitals and a decrease in lattice parameters that generates lower surface oxygen separation pathways and a large number of active sites on the (011) planes, making Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ a superior catalyst with increased OER/ORR activity. The formation of oxygen-vacant CoO 5 octahedra containing surface oxygen vacancies, the presence of Co 3+/4+ valence states, and the superior overlap between O(2p)-Co(3d) bands (covalency increases) result in a higher electronic conductivity, a lower flat band potential, and improved OER and ORR activities. The key highlight of this work is the matching of the onset potential with the calculated flat band (E fb ) potential from the Mott−Schottky plot. The Mott−Schottky plot was utilized to calculate the flat band potential (E fb ) that indicates the basic information about the electrochemical interface potential between the electrode and the electrolyte, and in the case of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3−δ , it matches very well with the onset potential for the OER activity of the catalyst.