Suppression of Sulfate Attack on a Stabilized Soil

Wang, Lan; Roy, Amitava; Seals, Roger K.; Byerly, Zachary

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00304.x

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Lime and cement (CAL) are traditional soil-solidified materials used on roadbeds. Since the subgrade is likely to expand if the amount of lime in the subgrade is too high, used 2% and 5% cement and lime, respectively, in the soil [29,30]. The main chemical components of the original PG, Slag, and GSR based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Soil Stabilization Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Field Application of Phosphogypsum-Based Soil Subgrade Stabilizers

Yue¹,

Fang²,

Hua³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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A phosphogypsum-based subgrade stabilizer (PBSS) was formulated using industrial by-product phosphogypsum (PG), mixed with slag and calcium-silicon-rich active material (GSR). The active powder (AP) was used to modify PBSS, and PBSS-AP was obtained. PBSS and PBSS-AP were each mixed with 10% silty soil, and cement and lime (CAL: 5% lime + 2% cement) were used as the traditional material for comparative experiments. Samples were cured under standard conditions, and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water stability, volume expansion, and leachate, to explore the stabilization effect of the three solidified materials on silty soil. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of sility soil mixed with 12% PBSS-AP was the best. The CaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 provided by PG, Slag and GSR will react with water to form a stable C-S-H gel, which is conducive to stabilizing the soil. Field application results showed that the compaction exceeded 95%, the deflection was 144.9 mm, and UCS was 2.5 MPa after 28 days. These findings indicated that PBSS-AP is an effective stabilizer for subgrade soils.

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Section: Soil Stabilization Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Field Application of Phosphogypsum-Based Soil Subgrade Stabilizers

Yue¹,

Fang²,

Hua³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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“…e macroscopic mechanical properties of soil essentially depend on its microstructure, so studying soil microstructure characteristics helps to better understand the mechanism of strength improvement [34,35]. Some scholars have used different microscopic methods to study the microstructure characteristics of soil or stabilized soil, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [36][37][38][39][40], mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) [41][42][43], energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) [44][45][46], and X-ray diffraction [25,47]. Using microscopic technology to study soil microscopic properties has become quite popular and mature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Mechanism of Cement Improving the Strength of Lime‐Fly Ash‐Stabilized Yellow River Alluvial Silt

Zhang

Zhu

2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Silt is a kind of soil with poor engineering performance. Lime-fly ash- (LF-) stabilized silt has the problem of low early strength. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of cement on improving the strength of LF-stabilized silt and reveal the microscopic mechanism. A fixed percentage of LF (18%) plus different percentages of cement (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) were mixed with Yellow River alluvial silt (YRAS). Soil samples for tests were artificially made by compaction in the laboratory. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed on soil samples cured for 7 d, 28 d, 60 d, and 90 d. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) tests, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed on soil samples cured for 7 d and 28 d. UCS results showed that the early strength of LF-stabilized YRAS developed significantly after adding cement. UCS also increased with the increase in cement content and curing time. SEM results revealed the differences in microstructure of LF-stabilized YRAS before and after adding cement. Before adding cement, the main microstructure characteristics included small soil particles, large number of pores, and loose particle arrangement. After adding cement, the main microstructure characteristics included large bonded particles, small number of pores, and dense particle arrangement. The EDS results showed that, after curing for 28 d, the elements of gels in stabilized YRAS had changed, mainly including appearance of C and a significant increase of Ca. MIP results showed that the pores with a size of 1 μm∼10 μm accounted for the largest proportion in stabilized YRAS. The product (mainly C-S-H) of cement hydration mainly filled the pores with a size larger than 10 μm at the early stage. Combining strength results and microresults, the micromechanism of cement improving the strength of LF-stabilized YRAS was discussed.

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“…To address the problem of sulfate attack, it is necessary to adopt effective preventive measures to avoid expansion caused by excessive ettringite produced in the course of hydration. Adding fly ash, silica fume or blast furnace slag into limestabilized soil can limit the sulfate-heave effectively [13][14][15][16]. A method of preventing the erosion of cement-stabilized soil from seawater has also been proposed by adding amorphous silica fume into cement-stabilized soil [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanisms of Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay Mixed with Seawater by Adding Ultrafine Silica Fume

Chen

Shi

et al. 2014

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The strength of the cement-stabilized soil can be improved by the use of seawater. Compressive strength test results show that the strength of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater is 50% greater than that mixed with freshwater at the 90th day. However, the application is limited because the expansion of the cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater increases significantly. A kind of ultrafine silica fume was added into the cement-stabilized soil to inhibit swelling of the cement-stabilized soil with seawater. The expansion of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater by adding ultrafine silica fume is close to that of cement-stabilized soil mixed with freshwater. With the addition of ultrafine silica fume, the unconfined compressive strength increases by close to 6.5% compared with seawater alone at the 90th day. The mechanisms of adding ultrafine silica fume into the cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater are revealed by several physical and chemical characterization parameters, such as specific gravity, unbound water content, surface morphology seen with SEM, and crystal products by X-ray diffraction tests. The results show that the crystal growth is an important factor, affecting the strength and expansion of cement-stabilized soil mixed with seawater.

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Suppression of Sulfate Attack on a Stabilized Soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Development and Field Application of Phosphogypsum-Based Soil Subgrade Stabilizers

Development and Field Application of Phosphogypsum-Based Soil Subgrade Stabilizers

Microscopic Mechanism of Cement Improving the Strength of Lime‐Fly Ash‐Stabilized Yellow River Alluvial Silt

Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanisms of Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay Mixed with Seawater by Adding Ultrafine Silica Fume

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