Suppression of the Toll-like receptors 3 mediated pro-inflammatory gene expressions by progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor in chicken DF-1 cells

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a part of innate immunity, plays an important role in detecting pathogenic molecular patterns (PAMPs) which are structural components or product of pathogens and initiate host defense systems or innate immunity. Precise negative feedback regulations of TLR signaling are important in maintaining homeostasis to prevent tissue damage by uncontrolled inflammation during innate immune responses. In this study, we identified and characterized the function of the pancreatic progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation factor (PPDPF) as a negative regulator for TLR signal-mediated inflammation in chicken. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the structure of chicken PPDPF evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequences with domains, i.e., SH3 binding sites and CDC-like kinase 2 (CLK2) binding sites, suggesting that relevant signaling pathways might contribute to suppression of inflammation. Our results showed that stimulation with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acids (Poly [I:C]), a synthetic agonist for TLR3 signaling, increased the mRNA expression of PPDPF in chicken fibroblasts DF-1 but not in chicken macrophage-like cells HD11. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory genes stimulated by Poly(I:C) were reduced in DF-1 cells which overexpress PPDPF. Future studies warrant to reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory capacity of PPDPF in chicken as well as a potential target for controlling viral resistance.

Probiotic-Based Bacteriocin: Immunity Supplementation Against Viruses. An Updated Review

“…Nonspecific adhesion occurs when a probiotic enters the cell and is mainly governed by physicochemical characteristics, such as contacts or hydrogen bonds ( Kumar, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021b ). Specific adhesion involves the interaction between probiotic adhesins and their epithelial receptors, which is an irreversible connection that is more potent than nonspecific adhesion ( Cao et al, 2020 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ). The adhesion capacities of the selected strains were determined by examining their bacterial cell-surface features in a Caco-2 cell model, which is comparable in morphology to the intestinal epithelium.…”

“…The adhesion capacities of the selected strains were determined by examining their bacterial cell-surface features in a Caco-2 cell model, which is comparable in morphology to the intestinal epithelium. The composition of the microbiota profoundly impacts human health, and diet is a critical factor in determining its composition ( Cao et al, 2020 ; Kumar, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021b ; Hwang et al, 2022 ).…”