Suppression of tooth movement‐induced sclerostin expression using β‐adrenergic receptor blockers

Abstract

Objective Regulation of bone metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system has recently been clarified. Tooth movement is increased by increased bone metabolic turnover due to sympathetic activation. This study aimed to compare the effects of the β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) blockers atenolol (β1‐AR blocker), butoxamine (β2‐AR blocker) and propranolol (non‐selective β‐AR blocker) on tooth movement in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with sympathicotonia. Materials and Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into the following four groups: an SHR control group and groups treated with 0.1 mg/kg atenolol, 1 mg/kg butoxamine or 1 mg/kg propranolol (n = 6 rats/group). Atenolol, butoxamine or propranolol was administered daily to each treatment group, and orthodontic force was applied using a closed‐coil spring. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin (SOST). Results Atenolol, butoxamine and propranolol inhibited tooth movement and increased maxillary alveolar bone volume. Histological analysis revealed that these β‐AR blockers decreased osteoclast activity on the compression side. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that atenolol, butoxamine and propranolol decreased the number of RANKL‐ and SOST‐positive osteocytes on the compression side. Conclusions β‐AR blockers decreased tooth movement and downregulated SOST in osteocytes, accompanied by increasing alveolar bone resorption.

Effects of salbutamol, montelukast and prednisone on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

“…The findings of the study correlate with those reported by Uchibori et al [21] and De Oliveira et al [22], who found that butoxamine (selective beta-2 antagonist) inhibited OTM in rats, due to the inhibition of osteoclasts and RANKL in the pressure zone and the decrease in osteocytes in the tension zone. De Oliveira et al [19] found that propranolol inhibited bone remodeling and OTM en rats due to the reduction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a lower expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and RANKL.…”

Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade

“…The nerve endings within paradental tissues mainly consist of mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. The use of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers such as atenolol decreased tooth movement, suggesting the regulation of bone metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system 26 . The sympathetic nervous system regulates bone resorption mainly through the β-2 adrenergic receptor (Adrb2), one of the three postsynaptic β adrenergic receptors.…”

Propranolol Promotes Bone Formation and Limits Resorption Through Novel Mechanisms During Anabolic Parathyroid Hormone Treatment in Female C57BL/6J Mice

“…The selective β‐blocker metoprolol prevents bone loss in a rat ovariectomy model, ( 44 ) and selective (including β2‐selective) and nonselective β‐blockers prevent tooth movement in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( 45 ) The highly β1‐selective β‐blocker nebivolol improves fracture healing in rats, but whether this is though a vascular mechanism or by targeting cells involved directly in bone repair is unclear. ( 46 ) None of these studies examined the combination of β‐blockers with PTH.…”