Suppressive effect of Spirulina fusiformis on diclofenac-induced hepato-renal injury and gastrointestinal ulcer in Wistar albino rats: A biochemical and histological approach

Silymarin mitigates diclofenac-induced liver toxicity through inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress in male rats

“…In our study noticeable elevation was seen in the contents of total bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALT in DIC-only treated group (Table 1) compared to the control animals which approved the liver toxicity potential of DIC. These results are in agreement with prior reports (5,14,27). In this study treatment with silymarin at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reversed changes induced by DIC in the contents of ALT and AST.…”

“…MDA is a reliable marker for lipid peroxidation (LPO). Increased LPO by DIC as one of the signs for oxidative stress published previously by various studies (14,27,29). In this research, DIC-induced liver toxicity led to a noticeable elevation in the content of MDA in serum and hepatic tissue relative to the control animals that is in line with the prior published investigations (5,30,31).…”

“…GPx simplifies peroxides neutralization via react with GSH and leading to increased contents of GSSG (oxidized glutathione), that is then reduced by glutathione reductase return to the GSH thereby maintaining the antioxidant content. DIC-induced changes in activity of GPx have been indicated previously (14,30). In our study, DIC-induced increase in GPx activity (Table 3) may be due to the defense mechanism against elevated LPO and noticeable reduction in GPx activity in the treated groups with silymarin can be due to the decrease levels of LPO or oxidative stress.…”

“…Therefore, it can be said that the effect of silymarin on these biochemical markers is dose sensitive. Histopathological studies of DIC-only treated group depicted increased lymphocyte infiltration and apoptotic changes, which show liver toxicity induced by DIC in rats according to prior investigations (14,27). Remarkable recovery towards normal liver histopathology in silymarin administrated groups further supported the protective effect of silymarin on DIC-induced hepatotoxicity.…”

The efficacy of oleuropein against non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug induced toxicity in rat kidney

“…The increase in the number of people with kidney diseases is taken into consideration, the search for alternative treatments with fewer side effects is vital, as well as the demand for foods or plant‐based products that can help to protect the kidney. In this context, the use of new therapeutic strategies based on natural plant products may be useful to provide higher efficacy, minimal toxicity and a wider therapeutic perspective for effective medications than existing pharmaceuticals …”