Suppressive Effects of the Leaf of Terminalia catappa L. on Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and Bone Weight Loss In Vivo

Abstract

Summary Oral administration of Terminalia catappa extract (TCE; 1,000 mg/kg) for 5 wk suppressed bone weight loss and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomized mice. An in vitro experiment showed that TCE (1.3-20 g/mL) did not increase alkaline phosphatase activity, which would indicate osteoclast formation, in osteoblast-like 3T3-L1 cells. On the other hand, TCE (12.5 g/mL) markedly decreased the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells, which would indicate osteoclast formation, in a co-culture system (bone marrow cells/osteoblastic UAMS-32 cells). A detailed analysis of the stages of osteoclast differentiation revealed that TCE mainly suppressed the differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into osteoclast progenitor cells in the presence of M-CSF and TGF-␤ . An additional experiment using fractionated TCE revealed that the watersoluble fraction suppressed the bone weight loss in OVX-mice and osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Therefore, the suppressive effects of TCE on bone weight loss in mice might be due to the suppressive effects of highly polar components on the early stage of osteoclast differentiation.

Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan by Improving Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity Dependent on AMPK Signaling Pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans under High-Glucose-Diet Conditions

“…Taken together, it is believed that the inhibitory effect of TCE against oxidative stress ultimately contributed to extending the lifespan of C. elegans (Figure 6). The in vitro antioxidant effect of TCE has been verified through numerous studies, and the preventive effects on skin aging and osteoporosis related to antioxidant properties have been reported [28,48]. However, the effect of TCE on lifespan extension has not been reported.…”

“…In conclusion, TCE prolonged the lifespan by improving antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism in nematode models of high-GLU-diet-induced metabolic disorders. It Meanwhile, AMPK is a key regulator in energy metabolism and is particularly well known to control GLU and lipid metabolism [11,48]. In metabolic regulation, because AMPK activation induces health-beneficial physiological effects, AMPK is considered an important therapeutic target for controlling human diseases, including MS [49].…”

Methanol and Butanol Extracts of Paeonia lutea Leaves Repress Metastasis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The potential utility of the extracts for clinical use was investigated by an animal experiment and subsequent histochemical examination. A dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was chosen based on our previous studies [ 36 – 38 ]. The extracts were orally administrated to SAS-cell-transplanted nude mice, and the survival and body weight of the mice and the volume of the primary tumor were measured ( Figure 5 ).…”

Parthenolide inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorbing activity by down-regulation of NFATc1 induction and c-Fos stability, during RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis

“…Since they have fewer side effects, and are more suitable for long-term use than synthetic drugs, several natural products have long been used to prevent and treat osteoporosis. These natural products contain numerous chemical compounds that have been reported to suppress osteoclast differentiation and activity, leading to the prevention of in vivo bone loss (10 , 11). …”