Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children:<i>Causes of Changes in the Carrying Angle of the Elbow</i>

Bakalim, G; Wilppula, E.

doi:10.3109/17453677208998956

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…only anterior or posterior angulation may remodel, whereas varus or valgus angulation will not correct with growth'. This statement is validated through several long-term follow-up studies on elbow fractures which consistently find persistent varus deformity after correction (Siris, 1939;Brewster & Karp, 1940;Sandegard, 1944;Smith, 1960;Conn & Wade, 1961;Wade & Batdorf, 1961;Gruber & Hudson, 1964;Hagen, 1964;Henrikson, 1966;Bakalim & Wilppula, 1972;Vahvanen & Aalto, 1978;Weiland et al, 1978;Labelle et al, 1982). In fact, Ippolito et al (1986) found that correction of varus deformity actually deteriorated with growth.…”

Section: Modern Clinical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Studies by Henrikson (1966), Bakalim & Wilppula (1972) and, Ippolito et al (1986) provide information on a total of 1046 distal humeral fractures in children. Amongst these cases, males are affected more often than females and the left side is subject to fracture more often than the right.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mehne & Jupiter (1992) report on a slight variation of the HTA (the second line passes through the axis of the trochlea not the articular surfaces) where the lateral angle is approximately 86°in males and 82°in females. In a follow-up study, Bakalim & Wilppula (1972) found the lateral angle of healed injuries to be 5-10°larger, or 5 -25°smaller then the lateral angle of matched uninjured sides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two techniques, the humerotangentialangle (HTA) as per Bakalim & Wilppula (1972) and the anterior humeral line (AHL) as defined by Rogers et al (1978) were measured independently by each author. The HTA is constructed on antero-posterior radiographs by drawing a line down the center of the humeral shaft through the inferior joint surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upper extremity injuries occur most frequently in the forearm (Reed, 1977;Cheng & Shen, 1993;Jones, 1994), followed by injuries of the elbow (Reed, 1977;Cheng & Shen, 1993;Green, 1994). Elbow fractures are considered extremely common, and have been extensively reported on (Siris, 1939;Brewster & Karp, 1940;Sandegard, 1944;Smith, 1960;Conn & Wade, 1961;Wade & Batdorf, 1961;Gruber & Hudson, 1964;Hagen, 1964;Henrikson, 1966;Smith, 1967;Bakalim & Wilppula, 1972;Crawley & Reckling, 1972;Rogers et al, 1978;Vahvanen & Aalto, 1978;Weiland et al, 1978;Delee et al, 1980;Holda et al, 1980;Labelle et al, 1982;Ippolito et al, 1986;Ogden, 1990;Mehne & Jupiter, 1992;Green, 1994). Approximately 33% of all elbow fractures involve distal humerus (Mehne & Jupiter, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic clues to fractures of distal humerus in archaeological remains

Glencross

Stuart-Macadam

2001

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Today, distal humeral fractures occur most frequently in children and adolescents, and are usually the result of a fall onto extended arms, or less often on flexed elbows. Trauma to the distal humerus at the physis and epiphyses often produces non-displaced or mildly displaced fractures that are difficult to recognize radiographically. To help identify these types of injuries, clinicians have developed two measurement techniques that are applied to the X-rays of the injured bones. In a preliminary attempt to assess the usefulness of these measurement techniques for recognizing trauma in archaeological skeletal remains, 25 humeri from two Ontario ossuary samples were submitted to radiography. Clinical data on distal humeral fractures, their incidence, and mechanisms of injury were also used to interpret the lifestyles and cultural activities of the aboriginal individuals under study. While only one healed fracture was suspected after gross observation, a total of four fractures were ultimately identified using the two measurements, the humerotangential-angle (HTA) and the anterior humeral line (AHL). Our results provide indirect, but telling, evidence of accidental childhood injuries to distal humerus in an archaeological population.

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Section: Modern Clinical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Radiographic clues to fractures of distal humerus in archaeological remains

Glencross

Stuart-Macadam

2001

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The Upper Paleolithic triple burial of Dolní Věstonice: Pathology and funerary behavior

Formicola

Pontrandolfi

Svoboda

2001

American J Phys Anthropol

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This work focuses on paleopathological analysis of one of the skeletons from the Gravettian triple burial of Dolní Vestonice (Moravia) and addresses issues of Upper Paleolithic funerary behavior. The burial includes the well-preserved skeletons of three young individuals. The skeleton in the middle (DV 15) is pathological and very problematic to sex; the other two (DV 13 and DV 14) are males and lie in an unusual position. The young age, the possibility of a simultaneous interment, and the position of the three specimens have given rise to speculations about the symbolic significance of this spectacular and intriguing funerary pattern. The pathological condition of the skeleton in the middle further emphasizes its peculiarity. Main pathological changes of the DV 15 skeleton include: asymmetric shortening of the right femur and of left forearm bones, bowing of the right femur, right humerus, and left radius, elongation of fibulae, dysplasias of the vertebral column, and very marked enamel hypoplasias. Scrutiny of the medical literature suggests that the most likely etiology is chondrodysplasia calcificans punctata (CCP) complicated by trauma and early fractures of the upper limbs. CCP is a rare inherited disorder characterized by stippled ossification of the epiphyses. The cartilaginous stippling is a transient phenomenon that disappears during infancy, leaving permanent deformities on affected bones. Among the different forms of CCP, the X-linked dominant form is that resulting in asymmetric shortening and is lethal during early infancy in males. Thus, survival of DV 15 until young adult age would require the specimen to be a female. Clinical findings often associated with the disease (erythemas, ichthyosis, alopecia, cataracts, and joint contractures, among others) would emphasize the singular aspect of this individual, pointing to a condition that should be carefully taken into account when speculating on the significance of that peculiar burial.

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Humerus

2000

Skeletal Injury in the Child

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Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children:Causes of Changes in the Carrying Angle of the Elbow

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Radiographic clues to fractures of distal humerus in archaeological remains

Radiographic clues to fractures of distal humerus in archaeological remains

The Upper Paleolithic triple burial of Dolní Věstonice: Pathology and funerary behavior

Humerus

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