Supramolecular Biopharmaceutical Carriers Based on Host–Guest Interactions

Abstract

Traditional drugs have the disadvantages of poor permeability and low solubility, which makes the utilization of pesticides lower and brings many side effects. With the continuous development of supramolecular chemistry in recent years, it has also played an irreplaceable role in the field of pharmaceutical science. Supramolecular macrocycles, such as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and cucurbiturils, are potentially good candidates for drug carriers due to their biocompatibility, hydrophobic cavity and ease of derivatization. The encapsulation of drugs based on host−guest interaction has the advantage of being adjustable and reversible as well as improving the low availability of drugs. Here, the recent advances in methods and strategies for drug encapsulation and release based on supramolecular macrocycles with host−guest interactions have been systematically summarized, laying a bright foundation for the development of novel nanopesticide preparations in the future and pointing out future directions of novel biopesticide research.

MXenes Functionalized with Macrocyclic Hosts: From Molecular Design to Applications

“…Li et al . described supramolecular biopharmaceutical carriers based on host–guest Interactions [70] . Likewise, the calixarene‐based host‐guest systems have been widely applied in the field of biology [71,72] …”

Supramolecular photosensitizers using extended macrocyclic hosts for photodynamic therapy with distinct cellular delivery

“…10 Macrocycles represent a key molecular basis for supramolecular chemistry and essential resources for non-covalent interactions, thereby providing an excellent platform for drug delivery with proven success. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Compared with nanomaterialbased drug delivery strategies, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] macrocyclic supramolecular receptors could form discrete, monodisperse host-guest complexes with drug molecules, featuring advantages including user-friendly operations, molecular-level precision, and guest-specic affinity. 27 Moreover, due to the reversible and dynamic host-guest interactions, macrocycles have emerged as powerful components for smart and environment-responsive drug delivery systems.…”

Do Phenyl Substituents Affect the Properties of Azobenzocrown Derivatives?

“…Supramolecular systems for many decades have been a subject of interest in many areas [1] such as, for example, pharmaceutical [2] or food [3] industries. Modern medicine can be also inspired by supramolecular chemistry [4–6] . The properties of macrocyclic compounds, namely the selective molecular recognition of particular guest molecules, make them useful in analytical sciences [7–9] .…”

“…Modern medicine can be also inspired by supramolecular chemistry. [4][5][6] The properties of macrocyclic compounds, namely the selective molecular recognition of particular guest molecules, make them useful in analytical sciences. [7][8][9] Macrocyclic compounds, such as crown ethers and other, can be used for the preparation of the selective stationary phases for chromatography and separation techniques, [10][11][12] new and advanced sensing of various types of analytes.…”

“…Displacement ellipsoids drawn at 50 % probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°): a) C4À O6 1.2415 (17), N1À N2 1.3158 (17), C1À N1 1.3189(18), N2À C13 1.4038(18), C2À O1À C25 117.77(10); b) C4À O6 1.260(10), N1À N2 1.337 (9), C1À N1 1.319(10), N2À C13 1.400(10), C2À O1À C25 117.3(6). For torsions in the ether linkers see TableS7.…”