A series of hydroxy‐, methoxy‐, and nitrophenylacetamides was synthesized by enzyme catalysis. The 28 new products were obtained through a lipase‐catalyzed two‐step reaction in very good to excellent yield. In the case of nitro derivatives, a one‐pot, two‐step methodology allowed the desired products to be obtained in high yields. The influence of various reaction parameters in the lipase‐catalyzed reactions, such as enzyme source, nucleophile (alcohol or amine)/substrate ratio, enzyme/substrate ratio, solvent and temperature were studied. It was observed that nitro‐substituted phenylacetates were more reactive in the aminolysis reaction than phenylacetates substituted with a hydroxyl group. To study this substituent effect, a Hammett analysis and the determination of the ρ parameter were carried out. Moreover, a computational study was applied to the most representative systems, performing an exploration of the potential energy surface for the catalyzed and noncatalyzed aminolysis reaction for nitro‐ and hydroxyphenylacetates. Both analysis showed that the presence of a strongly electron‐attracting group favors the activity of the enzyme, in complete agreement with the experimental results of the enzymatic catalysis.