Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction of ochratoxin A in raw wheat prior to liquid chromatography-fluorescence determination

Sampling of cereals and cereal-based foods for the determination of ochratoxin A: an overview

“…The subsampling variance was lowest in the analysis of test portions that were prepared using the grinder that produced the smallest particles. García-Fonseca et al (2010) analysed raw wheat for OTA and confirmed the results of Nowicki and Roscoe (2010). A decrease in particle size resulted in a significant decrease in the relative standard deviation of OTA concentrations.…”

Ultrasound-assisted supramolecular dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drops for preconcentration of palladium in water and road dust samples

“…The SUPRAS is a water-immiscible liquid consisting of reverse micelles that aggregate at nanoscale dimensions dispersed in a continuous phase and provides different types of interactions with the organic compound and hydrophobic complex of metals with ligands. Thus it can be used as the most suitable system for extraction processes [11][12][13]. However, this technique is tedious, labor-intensive and a time-consuming procedure.…”

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Bread: Evaluation of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Using an Orthogonal Composite Design Coupled with Response Surface Methodology

“…So far, IAC surpasses other reported clean-up methods in versatility, selectivity, and reproducibility. However, IAC presents important disadvantages for routine analysis since columns are expensive, not recyclable, have a limited storage time and, in some cases, show crossreactivity with ochratoxin C (García-Fonseca et al 2010). Therefore, alternative extraction and clean-up methods that can overcome these disadvantages are necessary.…”

“…The analysis of OTA from cereal and bread samples is mainly accomplished using solvent extraction and clean-up with immunoaffinity columns (IAC) , although other extraction and clean-up techniques have been employed, such as ion exchange columns (Pelegri et al 1997), matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) with C8 (Zinedine et al 2007;Juan et al 2008a), solid-phase microextraction (SPE) with C18 (Vega et al 2009), molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) (Ali et al 2010), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (González-Osnaya et al 2007), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) (González-Osnaya et al 2006;Liazid et al 2007), and supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (García-Fonseca et al 2010). The analytical methods for the determination of mycotoxins are discussed in recent reviews by Turner et al (2009) and Duarte et al (2011).…”

“…LC-FD has lower detection limits (LOD) and is less expensive than MS and hence, LC-FD is the most widely used analytical detection method for OTA (Turner et al 2009;García-Fonseca et al 2010;Duarte et al 2011).…”