Effective inhibition of the protein
derived from cellular myelocytomatosis
oncogene (c-Myc) is one of the most sought-after goals in cancer therapy.
While several c-Myc inhibitors have demonstrated therapeutic potential,
inhibiting c-Myc has proven challenging, since c-Myc is essential
for normal tissues and tumors may present heterogeneous c-Myc levels
demanding contrasting therapeutic strategies. Herein, we developed
tumor-targeted nanomedicines capable of treating both tumors with
high and low c-Myc levels by adjusting their ability to spatiotemporally
control drug action. These nanomedicines loaded homologues of the
bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) motif inhibitor JQ1 as epigenetic
c-Myc inhibitors through pH-cleavable bonds engineered for fast or
slow drug release at intratumoral pH. In tumors with high c-Myc expression,
the fast-releasing (FR) nanomedicines suppressed tumor growth more
effectively than the slow-releasing (SR) ones, whereas, in the low
c-Myc tumors, the efficacy of the nanomedicines was the opposite.
By studying the tumor distribution and intratumoral activation of
the nanomedicines, we found that, despite SR nanomedicines achieved
higher accumulation than the FR counterparts in both c-Myc high and
low tumors, the antitumor activity profiles corresponded with the
availability of activated drugs inside the tumors. These results indicate
the potential of engineered nanomedicines for c-Myc inhibition and
spur the idea of precision pH-sensitive nanomedicine based on cancer
biomarker levels.