In the age of the Internet, the learning environment is increasingly diversified. It is of great importance to explore the factors that truly affect the college student scores. Focusing on 13 factors that potentially influence college student scores, this paper carries out a questionnaire survey on students of different grades from different colleges, conducts fuzzy processing of the collected data, randomly selects the processed data for initialization of attribute values. Then, the initialized data were subject to principal component analysis (PCA), fuzzy cluster analysis (FCA), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Through the analysis, six factors were identified as the key factors affecting college student scores: family factor, Exam factor, exchange factor, learner factor, classmate factor, and campus factor. On this basis, the authors called for the concerted efforts from the school, teachers, and students for improving the teaching quality in colleges.