Sur l'élasticité du caoutchouc

Meyer, Kurt H.; Ferri, Cesare

doi:10.1002/hlca.19350180176

Cited by 159 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This phenomenon is related with the so-called Gough-Joule effect, consisting in the length decrease of a rubber band extended by a suspended weight when it is heated. Following the first enunciation by Meyer and Ferri [38], it is currently assumed that the elastic behavior of rubber does not arise from the forces between molecules, but from the thermal energy of the atoms making up the long-chain molecules. The idea is widely accepted that its deformation involves reduction of entropy rather than an increase of internal energy, as occurs in "ordinary" solids [39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Deformation and Thermodynamics: An Opportunity for Rethinking Basic Concepts of Continuum Mechanics

Guzzetta¹

2013

Entropy

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In order to treat deformation as one of the processes taking place in an irreversible thermodynamic transformation, two main conditions must be satisfied: (1) strain and stress should be defined in such a way that the modification of the symmetry of these tensorial quantities reflects that of the structure of the actual material of which the deforming ideal continuum is the counterpart; and (2) the unique decomposition of the above tensors into the algebraic sum of an isotropic and an anisotropic part with different physical meanings should be recognized. The first condition allows the distinction of the energy balance in irrotational and rotational deformations; the second allows the description of a thermodynamic transformation involving deformation as a function of both process quantities, whose values depend on the specific transition, or path, between two equilibrium states, and of state quantities, which describe equilibrium states of a system quantitatively. One of the main conclusions that can be drawn is that, dealing with deformable materials, the quantities that must appear in thermodynamic equations cannot be tensorial quantities, such as the stress tensor and the infinitesimal or finite strain tensor usually considered in continuum mechanics (or, even worse, their components). The appropriate quantities should be invariants involved by the strain and stress tensors here defined. Another important conclusion is that, from a thermodynamic point of view, the consideration of the measurable volume change occurring in an isothermal deformation does not itself give any meaningful information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Deformation and Thermodynamics: An Opportunity for Rethinking Basic Concepts of Continuum Mechanics

Guzzetta¹

2013

Entropy

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“…When # is independent of temperature, then (2.9) reduces to the power-law neo-Hookean model studied by Knowles [42], Tao and Rajagopal [37], and Zhang and Rajagopal [39].…”

Section: Static Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowles [42]) which can shear soften or shear stiffen, depending on the power-law exponent, by virtue of the shear modulus being dependent on the stretch tensor B. Knowles [42] showed that the equations of equilibrium for plane strain lose ellipticity when the power-law exponent n < 1/2. It is well known that material properties of rubber change significantly due to changes in temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boundary layers in finite thermoelasticity

Rajagopal

1995

J Elasticity

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In this paper, we study inhomogeneous deformations within the context of finite thermoelasticity with a view towards highlighting the developments of "boundary layer" like structures. We find that such structures manifest themselves by virtue of the material's ability to shear soften or shear stiffen. When the material moduli depend both on the temperature and the stretch, their effects can either reinforce or mitigate one another, thereby leading to the accentuation or annihilation of the boundary layer structure.

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“…Although the basic concept of macromolecular networks and entropic elasticity [18] were expressed more then 50 years ago, work on the physics of rubber elasticity [8,19,20,21] is still active. Moreover, the molecular theories of rubber elasticity are advancing to give increasingly realistic models for polymer networks [7,22].…”

Section: Rubber Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and failure of polymes with tailored distances between crosslinks

Fischer¹

Macromolecules: Synthesis, Order and Advanced Properties

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Crosstinked polymers are rather peculiar materials in that they never melt and they exhibit entropic elasticity at elevated temperatures. The present review on the influence of crosslink density is structured around model polymers of uniform composition but with widely varying numbers of crosslinks. The degree of crosstinking in the polymers was verified by use of the theory of rubber elasticity.The existence of crosslinks has little effect on the behaviour of the glassy polymers at low levels of strain. Fox's equation was found appropriate for those minor effects. In contrast to their low significance at small strains, crosslinks determine the dimensions of the deformation zone ahead of the tip of a crack propagating through the polymer. Proportionality between the crack opening displacement (Dugdale-Barenblatt-model) and the chain contour length of the strands of the molecular network was established. In this way, the molecular architecture of the polymer determines the toughness of the bulk material.Polymer fracture studies reported in the recent literature are shown to be in agreement with the conclusions derived from the present model polymers.

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Sur l'élasticité du caoutchouc

Cited by 159 publications

References 2 publications

Relating Deformation and Thermodynamics: An Opportunity for Rethinking Basic Concepts of Continuum Mechanics

Relating Deformation and Thermodynamics: An Opportunity for Rethinking Basic Concepts of Continuum Mechanics

Boundary layers in finite thermoelasticity

Properties and failure of polymes with tailored distances between crosslinks

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