Sur la Microvascularisation des Plexus Choroïdes des Ventricules Latéraux chez la Chèvre (Capra hircus)

Scala, G; Mirabella, Nicola; Paino, G.; Pelagalli, G. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.1994.tb00241.x

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…At both SEM and TEM analyses, CPs from buffalo brain show many morphological features similar to those reported for other species of mammals (Peters and Swan, 1979; Miodonski et al, 1979; Gomez and Potts, 1981; Scala et al, 1994; Tamega et al, 2000; Rajtovà, 2002; Adami et al, 2005; Mathew, 2007). CPs appear well developed with laminar or folded structural organization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Structural and Functional Features of Choroid Epithelium from Buffalo Brain

Scala

Corona²,

Pavone

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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Choroid plexuses (CPs) play pivotal roles in many processes that establish, survey, and maintain the biochemical and cellular status of the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in the anatomy and physiology of CPs have been linked to several CNS diseases. However, CP structure and function are not definitely known. Here, we report structural and functional features of choroid epithelium from buffalo brain never described before. Mixed with common epithelial cells, two novel cell types were identified by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The first peculiar cells showed a globular apical portion projecting into the ventricular cavities, and a basal peduncle in direct contact with blood capillaries underlying the epithelium. The second type of cells resulted to be formed by a globular body from which depart numerous processes; these cells, localized deeply in the choroid epithelium, strictly contact neighboring epithelial cells. No synaptic contacts were detected between these cell populations and common epithelial cells. To gain some insight into the functional properties of choroid cells, NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activities were evaluated. Of interest, whereas a strong NADPHd activity was detected in all cell types of choroid epithelium, nNOS was only detected in the first type of peculiar cells. The presence of nNOS in the CPs was confirmed by Western blotting. These results suggest that nitric oxide may serve as a signal for the regulation of CP multiple functions. Anat Rec, 290:1399Rec, 290: -1412Rec, 290: , 2007Rec, 290: . 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: buffalo brain; choroid plexus; NADPH-d; nNOS; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy Abbreviations used: Abbreviations used B 5 bleb; BC 5 blood capillary; BM 5 basal membrane; BME 5 endothelium basal membrane; C 5 cilia; CB 5 cellular body; CC 5 choroid epithelial cell; Cn 5 connective tissue of the sub-epithelium; CNS 5 central nervous system; CP 5 choroid plexus; CSF 5 cerebrospinal fluid; E 5 capillary endothelium; ECE 5 extended cellular element; G 5 globular portion; Tj 5 tight junction; Gp 5 gold particle; Gpm 5 gold particle mass; H 5 hallmark of the extended cellular element sticking point to the blood capillary; M 5 microvilli on the apical cell surface; Mf 5 microfilaments; Mi 5 mitochondria; N* 5 nucleus of an extended cellular element; N 5 nucleus; N8 5 nucleus of a choroid epithelial cell; NADPHd 5 NADPH diaphorase; Ne 5 stained irregular cellular formation; nNOS 5 neuronal nitiric oxide synthase; NO 5 nitric oxide; Np 5 pericyte nucleus; Op 5 holes; P 5 pinocytic sites; Pe 5 peduncle; Pr 5 cellular protrusion; Ps 5 cellular processes; RER 5 rough endoplasmic reticulum; S 5 smooth cell surface; SEC 5 suprachoroidal cell; SEM 5 Scanning electron microscopy; SER 5 smooth endoplasmic reticulum; TEM 5 transmission electron microscopy; W 5 diaphragm on the blood capillary wall

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Structural and Functional Features of Choroid Epithelium from Buffalo Brain

Scala

Corona²,

Pavone

et al. 2007

The Anatomical Record

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“…In general, SEM and TEM analyses of the CPs from buffalo brain showed morphological and structural features similar to those reported in other mammalian species (Adami et al, 2005;De Spiegelaere et al, 2008;Gomez and Potts, 1981;Miodonski et al, 1979;Peters and Swan, 1979;Rajtovà , 2002;Scala et al, 1994;Tamega et al, 2000;Webster, 1976). The blood microvasculature is the major component of the CPs responsible for the formation of the CSF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The morphology, structure and function of mammalian CPs have been studied, but data regarding the CPs cellular elements, and the process that regulates the production of CSF are virtually nonexistent for domestic ruminants. The information in the literature consists of (1) a SEM study of sheep CPs (Rajtovà , 2002); (2) a microvascular description of the lateral ventricles in goat (Scala et al, 1994); (3) a scanning and transmission microscopy study of two heretofore unknown cellular types, i.e., elongated cells and cells with multiple protrusions, from the CPs of buffalo ; and (4) two immuno-histochemical studies in the CPs of buffalo Tafuri et al, 2009). As of yet there have been no morpho-structural studies of the blood vessels that comprise the CPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvasculature of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) choroid plexuses: Structural, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study

Scala

Corona

Langella

et al. 2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The choroid plexuses (CPs) in mammals produce the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the literature, the morphology of CPs and the process that regulates the production of CSF are virtually nonexistent for domestic ruminants. Thus this study has two aims: 1. to investigate the morpho-structure of the buffalo CP microvasculature utilizing light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, and 2. to investigate the relationship between the blood vessels and both the elongated cells and the cells with multiple protrusions located in the CPs. SEM and TEM analyses of the CPs from buffalo brain showed morphological and structural features similar those reported in other mammalian species. Moreover the blood microvasculature is the major component responsible for the formation of the CSF, secreted by the encephalic CPs. In addition the chemical composition of this fluid depends on several morpho-functional characteristics of the vascularization of the CPs. These characteristics are as follows: two shapes of the vascular organization: lamina-like and ovoid-like elongated cells of the CPs, which connect the ventricular cavities to the blood capillaries; and the CP capillaries have diverse forms. In the present study the employment of NADPHd and NOS I was taken as indirect evidence for the presence of NO for investigation their specific role in CPs. Then NOS I immunoreactivity is found in the walls of CP blood vessels demonstrating indirectly the presence of NO with a vaso-dilatatory and autoregulation function of vascular tone by cholinergic nerve stimulation of blood vessel smooth muscle.

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“…However, the most detailed atlases focus on brain parenchyma, whereas CP is usually overlooked or just mentioned in passing. The CP capillary bed is however very different from those of the brain parenchyma (Cserr, 1971;Parab et al, 2021), and in the hCP these differences are carried to the extreme (Gomez and Gordon-Potts, 1981;Weiger et al, 1986;Scala et al, 1994). Moreover, the rodent hCP presents as an additional challenge its association with the paraflocculus in its most lateral region, which makes it extremely easy to damage when removing the brain from the skull.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Reconstruction of the Clarified Rat Hindbrain Choroid Plexus

Perin

Ricci

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The choroid plexus (CP) acts as a regulated gate between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite its simple histology (a monostratified cuboidal epithelium overlying a vascularized stroma), this organ has remarkably complex functions several of which involve local interaction with cells located around ventricle walls. Our knowledge of CP structural organization is mainly derived from resin casts, which capture the overall features but only allow reconstruction of the vascular pattern surface, unrelated to the overlying epithelium and only loosely related to ventricular location. Recently, CP single cell atlases are starting to emerge, providing insight on local heterogeneities and interactions. So far, however, few studies have described CP spatial organization at the mesoscale level, because of its fragile nature and deep location within the brain. Here, using an iDISCO-based clearing approach and light-sheet microscopy, we have reconstructed the normal rat hindbrain CP (hCP) macro- and microstructure, using markers for epithelium, arteries, microvasculature, and macrophages, and noted its association with 4th ventricle-related neurovascular structures. The hCP is organized in domains associated to a main vessel (fronds) which carry a variable number of villi; the latter are enclosed by epithelium and may be flat (leaf-like) or rolled up to variable extent. Arteries feeding the hCP emerge from the cerebellar surface, and branch into straight arterioles terminating as small capillary anastomotic networks, which run within a single villus and terminate attaching multiple times to a large tortuous capillary (LTC) which ends into a vein. Venous outflow mostly follows arterial pathways, except for the lateral horizontal segment (LHS) and the caudal sagittal segment. The structure of fronds and villi is related to the microvascular pattern at the hCP surface: when LTCs predominate, leaflike villi are more evident and bulge from the surface; different, corkscrew-like villi are observed in association to arterioles reaching close to the CP surface with spiraling capillaries surrounding them. Both leaf-like and corkscrew-like villi may reach the 4th ventricle floor, making contact points at their tip, where no gap is seen between CP epithelium and ependyma. Contacts usually involve several adjacent villi and may harbor epiplexus macrophages. At the junction between medial (MHS) and lateral (LHS) horizontal segment, arterial supply is connected to the temporal bone subarcuate fossa, and venous outflow drains to a ventral vein which exits through the cochlear nuclei at the Luschka foramen. These vascular connections stabilize the hCP overall structure within the 4th ventricle but make MHS-LHS joint particularly fragile and very easily damaged when removing the brain from the skull. Even in damaged samples, however, CP fronds (or isolated villi) often remain strongly attached to the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) surface; in these fronds, contacts are still present and connecting “bridges” may be seen, suggesting the presence of real molecular contacts rather than mere appositions.

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Sur la Microvascularisation des Plexus Choroïdes des Ventricules Latéraux chez la Chèvre (Capra hircus)

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Structural and Functional Features of Choroid Epithelium from Buffalo Brain

Structural and Functional Features of Choroid Epithelium from Buffalo Brain

Microvasculature of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) choroid plexuses: Structural, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study

3D Reconstruction of the Clarified Rat Hindbrain Choroid Plexus

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