Surface Activities, Foam Properties, HLB, and Krafft Point of Some n‐Alkanesulfonates (C14–C18) with Different Isomeric Distributions

Abstract

A homologue series of sodium secondary n-alkanesulfonates (C 14 , C 16 and C 18 ) were obtained by photosulfochlorination process with two different reaction conditions. Different length chains with different isomeric distributions of n-alkanesulfonates are expected to present variations in physicochemical properties. In this investigation, the relationships between their isomeric distribution and their chain length and micellar behaviors were thoroughly explored. Their CMC at different temperatures were determined using specific conductivity and surface tension measurements. Through surface tension isotherms, the surface activities (c CMC ) were obtained. The surface absorption amounts (C max ) and the molecular areas (A min ) were calculated using Gibb's equation. As expected, these surfactants exhibit good surface properties. It was shown that the CMC values increase with increasing the percentage of secondary isomers, with a surface tension decrease. It was also shown that the CMC values decrease with increasing chain length. The HLB values were calculated for each surfactant and the results obtained suggest that they are O/W emulsifiers. The foam properties of synthesized surfactants were evaluated and compared to those obtained for commercial samples. It was shown that the foamability is influenced both by the length of the hydrophobic moiety and the percentage of secondary isomers. It can be easily concluded that the C 14 sulfonates show the best foaming properties independently of their isomeric distribution. The Krafft point values obtained indicate that the micellization and the surfactant solubility mainly depend on the proportion of secondary isomers and the length of hydrophobic moiety.

Photosulfochlorination Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Methyl Ester Sulfonates Derived from Lauric and Myristic Acids

“…The CMC values obtained by the tensiometric and conductimetric methods are similar for each surfactant. The CMC decreases with an increase in the number of methylene groups in the alkyl chain, as would be expected from the increase in hydrophobicity [1,21,31]. Stirton [1] reported the CMC value for MES with 14 carbon atoms, which is in the same magnitude as that of sample B.…”

“…The saturated aqueous solutions of each surfactant were prepared and stored in the refrigerator for 1 day at 0°C until precipitation was observed [20,21]. Thereafter, the temperature of the precipitated surfactant systems was allowed to rise gradually under constant stirring and the conductivity was measured each 2°C using an EC14 conductimeter (HANNA Instruments).…”

Synthesis and Some Surface Properties of Glycine‐Based Surfactants

“…n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, and n-octadecane (Fluka, [99% pure) were converted in the pure phase, respectively, to a mixture of primary and secondary position isomers of dodecanesulfonyl chlorides, tetradecanesulfonyl chlorides, hexadecanesulfonyl chlorides, and octadecanesulfonyl chlorides [11,12]. Alkane-1-sulfonyl chlorides were prepared by using the Grignard reagent and chloro-1-dodecane, chloro-1-tetradecane, chloro-1-hexadecane, and chloro-1-octadecane (Fluka, [99% pure).…”

Experimental Study on Foam Properties of Mixed Systems of Silicone and Hydrocarbon Surfactants

“…Among the three types of surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants are the most widely used in foam industries. Much effort has been devoted to researching the foam properties of mixed systems of different hydrocarbon surfactants [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Nowadays, foams have wide applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, flotation, washing, food industries, water treatment, and in enhanced oil recovery [9][10][11][12][13].…”