Surface activity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in net pens

Furevik, Dag M.; Bjordal, Åsmund; Huse, Ingvar; Fernö, Anders

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90266-2

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this experiment, the warmest waters were deep in the cage, which likely motivated the fish to swim deeper due to thermal preference (Oppedal et al 2011a), held them away from the surface and decreased the motivation to jump. Furthermore, fish infected with sea lice have been reported to increase jumping behaviours in an effort to dislodge the lice (Furevik et al 1993), but in the present study there were no sea lice present on the experimental fish. The provision of a light stimulus during submergence increased jumping frequency by 1.7 times compared to submergence only, and hence light could be used at times of the year when the fish are less likely to jump (i.e.…”

Section: Responses Of Fish To Light and Feed During Submergencecontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…This method will likely permit the re-collection of the chemical with skimmers attached to the edges of the cage, eliminating negative environmental impacts (Dempster et al 2011). The limitation to this method is that efficient application may not be achieved at certain times of the year when UV levels are high (Furevik et al 1993), as the active compound in the chemical, pyrethrum, degrades in a few hours in sunlight (Boxaspen & Holm 2001). In addition, if fish do not break the surface frequently enough, they will not be treated before the pyre thrum degrades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farmed salmon exhibit 'porpoising' rolling and jumping behaviours at the surface (Furevik et al 1993) at infrequent intervals (i.e. less than once per day) under normal conditions (Dempster et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modifying Atlantic salmon behaviour with light or feed stimuli may improve parasite control techniques

Bui¹,

Oppedal²,

Korsøen³

et al. 2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The aquaculture of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar faces severe health, environmental and economic concerns caused by the parasitic sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus spp. An experimental delousing method exists whereby the surface jumping behaviours of salmon are combined with a floating, oil-infused chemical therapeutant, resulting in the fish dousing themselves passively. We tested whether a light stimulus or feed event, or a combination of both, during submergence (denial of surface access for the fish) increased the surface-oriented behaviours of salmon. Groups of 10 salmon were submerged in a sea-cage for 19 h and exposed to a light stimulus, feed event, or both. Control treatments involved submergence only. For a 2 h period after surface access was reinstated, light and feed treatments induced a higher proportion of individuals to exhibit surface behaviours. On average, 84 and 82% of salmon in the light and feed treatments jumped, respectively, which was 1.6 times higher than fish in the control group (50%). Salmon exposed to light or feed jumped an average of 1.7 and 1.5 times after exposure to light or feed treatments, respectively, compared to 0.92 jumps fish -1 for the control. The combined light and feed treatment did not produce a synergistic effect. The average time until first jump was 31 to 50 min, with no difference in times among treatments. The elevated surface-oriented behaviours effectively crowded the majority of the fish in the surface waters within a short period of time. This increased surface activity may be used for a range of salmon farming applications, including improving the efficacy of sea-lice treatment techniques.

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Section: Responses Of Fish To Light and Feed During Submergencecontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modifying Atlantic salmon behaviour with light or feed stimuli may improve parasite control techniques

Bui¹,

Oppedal²,

Korsøen³

et al. 2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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show abstract

“…Furevik et al (1993), using infrared cells and underwater video cameras, showed that high leaping activity in Atlantic salmon was associated with acute stress or heavy louse infestation, whereas high rolling activity reflected buoyancy compensation subsequent to stress exposure (delousing, anaesthesia). These typical behaviours can also be discriminated from telemetry signals based on specific sequences of signal amplitudes and pulsation rhythms of activity-circuit transmitters (e.g.…”

Section: Fish Activity Rhythm and Behaviqurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish telemetry in aquaculture: review and perspectives

Baras

Lagardère

1995

Aquacult Int

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The assessment of the behaviour or physiology of cultured fish has always been difficult due to the timing of sampling, differences between experimental and aquaculture conditions and to methodological bias arising from repeated fish handling. The development of biotelemetry techniques offers a wide range of possibilities to improve both production and management in aquaculture through monitoring of behaviour or physiology of free-swimming fish inside their culture environment. Thus knowing how key parameters are changing can allow faster adjustment of feeding times to activity rhythms, more objective identification of the preference/tolerance margins towards environmental variables and precise assessment (from 'the fish's point of view') of the impact of environmental or operational stressors on fish. This paper briefly reviews the techniques that might be applied in aquaculture and focuses on relevant systems and estimators of fish activity: movements, vertical distribution, use of demand-feeders, muscular activity and heart rate. Species or size-related limitations and use of automatic monitoring stations are reviewed and evaluated. Perspectives of integrated biomonitoring in aquaculture are discussed, using telemetered fish as reliable probes in the detection of abnormal situations such as changes of water quality or altered environments.

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“…Fish also may actively avoid environments that were once preferred or rewarding (food liberating) if a noxious stimulus is introduced there (Overmier and Hollis, 1983;Piront and Schmidt, 1988). Fish may interpret tactile sensations as positive or negative; ectoparasites that irritate the skin and gills of Atlantic salmon cause them to initiate a leaping behaviour, apparently in an attempt to rid themselves of the irritation (Furevik et al, 1993). Fish may also solicit the attention of wrasses (cleaner fish that remove parasites from the bodies of other fish), suggesting that they find this tactile stimulation positive (Losey and Margules, 1974).…”

Section: Nociception the Telencephalon And Pain Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Chandroo

Duncan

Moccia

2004

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

340

165

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In contrast to other major forms of livestock agriculture, there is a paucity of scientific information on the welfare of fish raised under intensive aquacultural conditions. This reflects an adherence to the belief that these animals have not evolved the salient biological characteristics that are hypothesised to permit sentience. In this review, we evaluate the scientific evidence for the existence of sentience in fish, and in particular, their ability to experience pain, fear and psychological stress. Teleost fish are considered to have marked differences in some aspects of brain structure and organization as compared to tetrapods, yet they simultaneously demonstrate functional similarities and a level of cognitive development suggestive of sentience. Anatomical, pharmacological and behavioural data suggest that affective states of pain, fear and stress are likely to be experienced by fish in similar ways as in tetrapods. This implies that fish have the capacity to suffer, and that welfare consideration for farmed fish should take these states into account. We suggest that the concept of animal welfare can be applied legitimately to fish. It is therefore appropriate to recognize and study the welfare of farmed fish.

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Surface activity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in net pens

Cited by 56 publications

References 6 publications

Modifying Atlantic salmon behaviour with light or feed stimuli may improve parasite control techniques

Modifying Atlantic salmon behaviour with light or feed stimuli may improve parasite control techniques

Fish telemetry in aquaculture: review and perspectives

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

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