Surface analysis of cobalt-enriched crushed products of spent lithium-ion batteries by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Multistage crushing can liberate electrode particles from foils, while screening processes are utilized to achieve the separation of electrode materials and foils [12][13][14]. Flotation technology is then utilized to realize the separation of cathode and anode materials due to their obvious hydrophilic/hydrophobic differences [15][16][17]. This flowchart is significant for large scale industrial application and the preparation of pure cathode materials for the metallurgy process.…”

Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid

“…In general, pretreatment and secondary recycling process including mechanical crushing and separation has been well developed for spent LIBs [18][19][20]. Deep recovery for cobalt and lithium is substantially key and vital in the whole process.…”

A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

“…Lithium cannot be detected by the EDS probe analysis [33], but the other metals in the cathode scraps are in accordance with the ICP result (Table 1). Carbon and fluorine are also determined due to the addition of conductive additives and organic binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) during the cathode fabrication process [7,22,34]. From the XRD pattern of the cathode scraps [22], the LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 phase is undoubtedly confirmed.…”