“…There are a limited number of alloy systems exhibiting the characteristics of both groups, such as for example Ag-Sb and Ag-Ge [43]. Concerning the limiting cases of mixing, the first one indicates that the attractive forces between similar atoms are much greater than those between dissimilar atoms and, the formation of selfcoordinated A-A or B-B pairs takes place leading to demixing and phase separation [24,41]. Demixing and phase separation as its final stage occur due to the formation on homocoordinated clusters, symbolically denoted as…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All the abovementioned models were validated by means of avail-able experimental datasets. The models used for the properties calculations have been described in detail and reported in the literature [11,41,44,45]. In the following, only short descriptions of the models together with the equations used for the properties calculations are given.…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the Self Association Model (SAM) is the only one that takes into account clusters of 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 constituent atoms and it is the most appropriate. 𝐴𝐴 𝑖𝑖 and 𝐵𝐵 𝑗𝑗 -type clusters (Equation ( 1)) are in the form a polyatomic matrix located on a set of equivalent lattice sites characterised by the interactions of short-range forces that are effective between nearest neighbours only [24,41]. The tendency toward demixing / phase separation depends on the cluster's size and interaction energy between constituent atoms.…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, the model predicted values of the surface and transport properties of similar liquid alloys can differ up to 20%, and therefore, the validation of models using the experimental data is of great importance [4,11,16,18,21,24]. Therefore, the surface properties of the abovementioned systems are described by the Self Aggregating Model (SAM) [24,41] and Compound Formation Model (CFM) [11,21], respectively. The viscosity of Cu-Pb and Fe-Si melts is analysed by the Moelwyn-Hughes (MH) model [42] and subsequently compared to available literature data.…”
Among the thermophysical properties, the surface / interfacial tension, viscosity and density / molar volume of liquid alloys are the key properties for the modelling of microstructural evolution during solidification. Therefore, only reliable input data can yield accurate predictions preventing the error propagation in numerical simulations of solidification related processes. Due to experimental difficulties related to reactivity of metallic melts at high temperatures, the measured data are often unreliable or even lacking. The application of containerless processing techniques either leads to a significant improvement of the accuracy or makes the measurement possible at all. On the other side, accurate model predicted property values could be used to compensate the missing data; otherwise, the experimental data are useful for the validation of theoretical models. The choice of models is particularly important for the surface, transport and structural properties of liquid alloys representing the two limiting cases of mixing, i.e. ordered and phase separating alloy systems. To this aim, the thermophysical properties of the Fe-Si and Cu-Pb systems were analysed and the connections with the peculiarities of their mixing behaviours are highlighted.
“…There are a limited number of alloy systems exhibiting the characteristics of both groups, such as for example Ag-Sb and Ag-Ge [43]. Concerning the limiting cases of mixing, the first one indicates that the attractive forces between similar atoms are much greater than those between dissimilar atoms and, the formation of selfcoordinated A-A or B-B pairs takes place leading to demixing and phase separation [24,41]. Demixing and phase separation as its final stage occur due to the formation on homocoordinated clusters, symbolically denoted as…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All the abovementioned models were validated by means of avail-able experimental datasets. The models used for the properties calculations have been described in detail and reported in the literature [11,41,44,45]. In the following, only short descriptions of the models together with the equations used for the properties calculations are given.…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the Self Association Model (SAM) is the only one that takes into account clusters of 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 constituent atoms and it is the most appropriate. 𝐴𝐴 𝑖𝑖 and 𝐵𝐵 𝑗𝑗 -type clusters (Equation ( 1)) are in the form a polyatomic matrix located on a set of equivalent lattice sites characterised by the interactions of short-range forces that are effective between nearest neighbours only [24,41]. The tendency toward demixing / phase separation depends on the cluster's size and interaction energy between constituent atoms.…”
Section: Thermodynamics and Surface Properties Of Metallic Melts Representing Phase Separation And Strong Compound Forming Tendencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, the model predicted values of the surface and transport properties of similar liquid alloys can differ up to 20%, and therefore, the validation of models using the experimental data is of great importance [4,11,16,18,21,24]. Therefore, the surface properties of the abovementioned systems are described by the Self Aggregating Model (SAM) [24,41] and Compound Formation Model (CFM) [11,21], respectively. The viscosity of Cu-Pb and Fe-Si melts is analysed by the Moelwyn-Hughes (MH) model [42] and subsequently compared to available literature data.…”
Among the thermophysical properties, the surface / interfacial tension, viscosity and density / molar volume of liquid alloys are the key properties for the modelling of microstructural evolution during solidification. Therefore, only reliable input data can yield accurate predictions preventing the error propagation in numerical simulations of solidification related processes. Due to experimental difficulties related to reactivity of metallic melts at high temperatures, the measured data are often unreliable or even lacking. The application of containerless processing techniques either leads to a significant improvement of the accuracy or makes the measurement possible at all. On the other side, accurate model predicted property values could be used to compensate the missing data; otherwise, the experimental data are useful for the validation of theoretical models. The choice of models is particularly important for the surface, transport and structural properties of liquid alloys representing the two limiting cases of mixing, i.e. ordered and phase separating alloy systems. To this aim, the thermophysical properties of the Fe-Si and Cu-Pb systems were analysed and the connections with the peculiarities of their mixing behaviours are highlighted.
The surface tension and viscosity of Cu–Fe–Si ternary alloys were computed at different temperatures using thermodynamic approaches. The thermodynamic data of the alloy were optimized in the framework of the Redlich-Kister (R–K) polynomials and exponential temperature dependent coefficients of the R–K polynomial were obtained. These coefficients were used to compute the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of the alloy and the partial excess free energy of the components. The partial excess free energy so obtained was used to compute the surface tension of the ternary Cu–Fe–Si alloy system and its binary sub-systems. The enthalpy of mixing was also optimized and it was used to compute the viscosity of the sub-binary and ternary alloys.
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