“…During anodizing, the anions in the electrolyte migrate to the anode where they are discharged. There are reports indicating that anodized layers can act as stress raisers, contributing as nucleation sites for FCP in aluminum and titanium alloys (Shahzad, Chaussumier, Chieragatti, Mabru, & Rezai-Aria, 2011;Wang et al, 2009). Anodic films grown by microarc oxidation (MAO) processes have been developed as a method of controlling the degradation rate of biomedical magnesium alloys.…”