Surface Characterization of Polymer Blends by XPS and ToF-SIMS

Chan, Chi‐Ming; Weng, Lu‐Tao

doi:10.3390/ma9080655

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…However, after PEO addition, a new C 1s peak appears at 287 eV, which corresponds to the C-O-C groups of the PEO. 30 An F 1s spectral peak at 686.6 eV appears after adding LiPF6 to CsPbBr3:PEO, confirming the presence of the fluoride ion in the film. Also, we note that the photoemission of Li 1s could not be detected due to the very low sensitivity factor of Li.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

et al. 2019

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Perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have drawn considerable attention for their favorable optoelectronic properties. Perovskite light emitting electrochemical cells (PeLECs)-devices that utilize mobile ions -have recently been reported but have yet to reach the performance of the best PeLEDs. We leveraged a poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte and lithium dopant in CsPbBr3 thin films to produce PeLECs of improved brightness and efficiency. In particular, we found that a single layer PeLEC from CsPbBr3:PEO:LiPF6 with 0.5% wt. LiPF6 produced highly efficient (22 cd/A) and bright (~15000 cd/m 2 ) electroluminescence. To understand this improved performance among PeLECs, we characterized these perovskite thin films with photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).These studies revealed that this optimal LiPF6 concentration improves electrical double layer formation, reduces the occurrence of voids, charge traps, and pinholes, and increases grain size and packing density. TOC GRAPHICSPerovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on inorgano−organometallic halide perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbX3 and CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I), have attracted much attention due to their low-temperature solution processability, high color purity with narrow spectral width (FWHM of 20 nm), band gap tunability and large charge carrier mobility. [1][2][3][4] To date, devices based on these perovskites have achieved high luminance in excess of 10000 cd/m 2 with high efficiencies (EQE ~10%), comparable to organic LEDs and quantum dot (QD) LEDs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Interestingly, effects such as hysteresis and high capacitance in perovskite semiconductor devices suggest that ion motion can largely influence device operation. In this vein, researchers have recently been investigating perovskite materials in light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) architectures instead of traditional LEDs. [8][9][10][11] These LEC devices (PeLEC leverage ion redistribution to achieve balanced and high carrier injection, resulting in high electroluminescence efficiency. Due to this mechanism, LEC devices can be prepared from a simple architecture consisting of a single semiconducting composite layer sandwiched between two electrodes. In addition, they can operate at low voltages below the bandgap, yielding highly efficient devices.Recently, perovskite LECs (PeLECs) have been reported and show promise as electroluminescent devices. [8][9][10][11] However, these PeLECs are generally limited to luminance maxima of 1000 cd/m 2 or lower, below what has been typically observed in PeLEDs. This disparity suggests that further understanding and refinement of PeLEC materials and devices could produce significant improvements of brightness, efficiency, and other performance metrics. To this end, we fabricated a highly efficient (22 cd/A) and bright (~15000 cd/m 2 ) single layer LEC based on a cesium lead halide perovskite, CsPbBr3. To achieve...

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confidence: 81%

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

et al. 2019

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“…A performance comparison of NiFe@OCC with recently reported transition metal-based electrocatalysts shows that it is among the most efficient reported OER catalysts (Table S2, Supporting Information). [16] Considering that the diameters of the NiFe NPs are in 10-20 nm range (Figure 1d), there are two possible explanations for the observed XPS analysis results: (1) The relatively smaller NPs are totally oxidized to Ni and Fe hydroxides and (2) metallic NiFe atoms are still present in the cores of larger NPs, but these are not detected due to the thick surface hydroxide layer. The charge transfer resistance values (R ct ) of NiFe@OCC and NiFe@CC are much lower than those of OCC and CC, clearly indicating enhanced charge-transfer in NiFe@OCC and NiFe@CC for the OER.…”

Section: Activity and Durability Of Electrocatalyst For The Oermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This may be because, the thickness of the hydroxide layer on the surface of NiFe NPs is beyond the detection limit of XPS analysis (2-10 nm). [16] Considering that the diameters of the NiFe NPs are in 10-20 nm range (Figure 1d), there are two possible explanations for the observed XPS analysis results: (1) The relatively smaller NPs are totally oxidized to Ni and Fe hydroxides and (2) metallic NiFe atoms are still present in the cores of larger NPs, but these are not detected due to the thick surface hydroxide layer. The metal/metal hydroxide core-shell structure so formed, can take full advantage of the high conductivity of NiFe alloy and the high OER activity of NiFe hydroxides.…”

Section: Activity and Durability Of Electrocatalyst For The Oermentioning

confidence: 94%

Homogeneously Distributed NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles on 3D Carbon Fiber Network as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Batool

Wei

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Overall water splitting is a promising way to alleviate the energy crisis by producing renewable and clean hydrogen fuel. The development of highly efficient, low cost, and stable electrocatalysts is of great importance for the large-scale application of overall water splitting. Herein, we report an effective and facile strategy to prepare non-noble nickel-iron (NiFe) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on oxidized carbon cloth (OCC) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. The homogeneous dispersion of small-sized NPs achieved by anchoring the metal species to oxygen-containing groups on the OCC support, together with the 3D conductive nature of the scaffold, ensures optimal exposure of active metal sites and also results in high electrical conductivity. As a result, our electrocatalyst affords superior oxygen evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 281 mV at 10 mA cm À 2 and is also stable for up to around 17 h in an alkaline electrolyte; the catalyst also demonstrates a high efficiency for overall water splitting. Our strategy has, therefore, great potential for practical energy conversion applications.[a] Dr.

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“…Molecular structures of the outermost polymer layers determine polymer surface properties. [45,46] Surface sensible analytical methods such as ToF-SIMS and AFM, provide a full picture of the chemical composition and morphology of PP surface. AFM measurements gave us insight in PP morphology and surface roughness (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved indiffusion behavior of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in polypropylene

Kern

Pradja

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Microplastics and their effects on the environment and food chain have become increasingly important in recent years. These polymer particles, which are only few millimeters in size or smaller, accumulate in the environment and can enter the human food chain via animals that ingest them. Moreover, they can accumulate impurities such as heavy metals. Therefore, this study focuses on the indiffusion behavior of metal ions into semicrystalline polypropylene (PP) applying time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) at cryo‐conditions. Diffusion coefficients of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in PP are determined by classical SIMS depth profiling in frozen state (T <−130°C) and subsequent data analysis according to Fick's second law of diffusion. The results show that diffusion of Cu2+ ions in dry PP (DPP,Cu = [2.21 ± 0.15]·10−12 cm2/s) is faster compared to Ni2+ ion diffusion of dry PP (DPP,Ni = [4.43 ± 0.55]·10−13 cm2/s). Interestingly, the diffusion of Cu2+ ions in water‐saturated PP (DPP,H2O,Cu = [1.91 ± 0.28]·10−13 cm2/s) is slower compared to Cu2+ ion diffusion in dry PP. Furthermore, high‐lateral resolution ToF‐SIMS analysis shows that metal ions only diffuse in certain areas of PP, which are most likely amorphous.

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Surface Characterization of Polymer Blends by XPS and ToF-SIMS

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

Homogeneously Distributed NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles on 3D Carbon Fiber Network as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Spatially resolved indiffusion behavior of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in polypropylene

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Surface Characterization of Polymer Blends by XPS and ToF-SIMS

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

Bright and Effectual Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Leveraging Ionic Additives

Homogeneously Distributed NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles on 3D Carbon Fiber Network as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting

Spatially resolved indiffusion behavior of Cu2+ and Ni2+ in polypropylene

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Spatially resolved indiffusion behavior of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in polypropylene