Surface characterizations of copolymer films with pendant monosaccharides

Abstract

We copolymerized a monomer with a pendant glucose unit (GEMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and prepared copolymer films with pendant monosaccharides by casting the copolymer solution on glass plates. The surfaces of the copolymer films were characterized by contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and protein adsorption measurements, and compared with the surface of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-MMA copolymer films. The surface free energy of the GEMA-MMA and HEMA-MMA copolymer was calculated from the contact angle of methylene diiodide and glycerol on the copolymer films. The surface free energy of the films increased gradually with increasing GEMA or HEMA content. The surface free energy of GEMA-MMA copolymers was larger than that of HEMA-MMA copolymers in the whole range of composition. The results of XPS measurements suggest that the fraction of GEMA at the copolymer surface increases as the content of GEMA in the copolymer increases. This indicates that introduction of GEMA makes the copolymer surface more hydrophilic. Furthermore, the higher the GEMA content is, the smaller amounts of fibrinogen and y-globulin are adsorbed at the copolymer surface. The copolymer with a GEMA content of 20 mol-Vo hardly adsorbs fibrinogen and y-globulin at all.

Generating hydrophilic surfaces on standard polymers after copolymerization with low amounts of protected vinyl sugars

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has long been used for characterizing polymer surfaces and the modification of polymer surfaces, such as new chemical structures introduced by plasma 21) , UV 12) , additives 22) , and surface grafting 23) . Polymers having pendant saccharides were investigated by Nakamae et al using XPS recently 14,15) . In a previous paper the surfaces of styrene/3 copolymers were well characterized by angular dependent XPS and contact angle measurement 16) .…”

“…Saccharides may impart more functions and hydrophilicity to commercial polymers, therefore, to amend their antistatic property, dyeability, adhesion, printability, and biocompatibility. Nakamae et al copolymerized 2-(glycosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate or styrene, and investigated the surface properties and protein adsorption of the copolymer films 14,15) . Wulff et al investigated the surface characteristics of copolymers of styrene and 2,3;4,5-di-O-isoprop-ylidene-1-(4-vinylphenyl)-D-gluco(D-manno)pentitol by contact angle measurement, XPS, and electrical surface resistance measurement 16) .…”

Synthesis and characterization of novel polymers derived from gluconolactone

“…For instance, Kitazawa et al 2 reported the direct synthesis of a sugar ester derivative, namely glycosyloxyethyl methacrylate (Fig 1, 1 ) by reaction between O ‐methylglucopyranoside and hydroxyethylmethacrylate in the presence of an acidic catalyst. Copolymerization of this monomer with methyl methacrylate was found to be ideal, as evidenced by quite similar reactivity ratios 3. The derivatization of disaccharides such as sucrose to yield monomethacryloylsucrose ester (Fig 1, 2 ) was also described in a one‐pot synthesis in aqueous medium 4…”

Preparation of smart soft materials using molecular complexes

“…52 We synthesized a variety of carbohydrate polymers by copolymerizing a monomer with pendant glucose (2-glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate: GEMA) and hydrophilic or hydrophobic monomers and examined their unique surface properties under various conditions. [53][54][55][56][57][58] Furthermore, complex formation between Con.A and polymers with pendant glucose (PGEMA) was investigated to design a glucose-responsive polymer. 59 When Con.A was added to a buffer solution containing PGEMA, the solution became turbid due to multiple associations between PGEMA and Con.A.…”