Surface Cleaning: Implications from Choices &amp; Future Perspectives

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82942-1_2

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Previous treatments, conservation efforts, and restoration practices have profoundly impact fungal colonization, altering the composition of the communities inhabiting monument surfaces [215].…”

Section: Historical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation

Oliveira,

Reis,

Almaguer

2023

Preprint

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This review resumes published data on fungal diversity in and within monuments (e.g., religious and secular monuments, museums, and statues), covering a multidisciplinary investigation into the complex interactions between fungi and cultural heritage structures. Fungi represent remarkable adversaries to monuments, potentially compromising their structural integrity and aesthetic value. Based on a bibliographic search of manuscripts published, the knowledge of fungal communities colonizing monuments was comprehensively assessed. This work first describes the diverse fungal species implicated in the degradation of monument materials (e.g., stone, metal, and glass). It elucidates the factors governing fungal colonization and proliferation in and within these structures (e.g., environmental conditions, construction materials, and human interventions). Finally, the efficacy of preservation and restoration techniques to mitigate fungal threats and safeguard our cultural heritage is also discussed. This synthesis highlights the pivotal role of mycological research in heritage conservation, and a platform for future studies to address critical knowledge gaps is provided. Understanding fungal diversity in and within monuments is critical to preserving these invaluable cultural treasures, as it informs targeted conservation strategies and ensures their longevity in the face of fungal challenges.

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Section: Historical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation

Oliveira,

Reis,

Almaguer

2023

Preprint

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“…Traditional cleaning methods have been proposed using water-and solvent-based systems for softening the layers to be removed, mechanical tools and sandblasting, as well as more advanced laser and plasma tool technology. The methods based on solvent, water, and sandblasting are less selective and poorly controlled often generating side effects due to the excess water ingress and surface material loss [8]. Other issues to be considered when carrying out cleaning interventions are the environmentalfriendly and non-toxic characteristics that are required and should be fulfilled for the operators and the environmental safety.…”

Section: Nanomaterials For Stone Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the application of nanomaterials for natural stone conservation

Gherardi

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki

2022

RILEM Tech Lett

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The unpredictable effects of climate change impose the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage (CH) with effective and durable materials as a vital solution in the invaluable socioeconomic resource of CH. Conservation products and methodologies are addressed under recent advancements in colloidal science providing multi-functional solutions for cleaning, consolidation, protection, and monitoring of the architectural surfaces. Nanoscience significantly contributes to enrich the palette of materials and tools that can guarantee an effective response to aggressive environmental agents. Nanostructured multi-functional nanoparticles, nanostructured fluids, and gels for stone conservation are reviewed and future perspectives are also commented. The stability and high flexibility in designing tailored made nanoparticles according to the specific characteristics of the substrate enable their use in a variety of applications. Stemming from the well-performed in lab applications with nanomaterials, the testing onsite and the monitoring of their effectiveness are of crucial importance, considering also the constructive feedback from conservators and heritage stakeholders that can unquestionably contribute to the improvement and optimisation of the nanomaterials for CH protection.

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“…Under high humidity conditions, the formation of hydroxides or oxyhydroxides is favored, while in drier environments, ferric or mixed oxides are the predominant species. The physical and chemical approaches commonly used to clean lithic and cellulosic substrates from stains caused by the rusting of iron objects, both decorative and support, can damage the artworks and often pose a risk to the health of restorers and the environment [48]. In one of our recent works, chitosan-based hydrogels containing acetic, oxalic and citric acids were tested and the chitosan-oxalic acid hydrogel was the most successful for removing rust stains from the surface of different lithotypes by exploiting the reducing capacity of carboxylic acid with the chelating properties of the polysaccharide [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Rust Removal Agents from Lithic and Cellulosic Substrates

Gabriele,

Casieri,

Spreti

2024

Molecules

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The peculiar physicochemical features of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), in particular their tunability, make them ideal media for various applications. Despite their ability to solubilize metal oxides, their use as rust removers from valuable substrates has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we chose three known DESs, consisting of choline chloride and acetic, oxalic or citric acid for evaluating their ability to remove corrosion products from a cellulose-based material as linen fabric and two different lithotypes, as travertine and granite. The artificial staining was achieved by placing a rusty iron grid on their surfaces. The DESs were applied by means of cellulose poultice on the linen fabrics, while on the rusted stone surfaces with a cotton swab. Macro- and microscopic observations, colorimetry and SEM/EDS analysis were employed to ascertain the cleaning effectiveness and the absence of side effects on the samples after treatment. Oxalic acid-based DES was capable of removing rust stains from both stone and cellulose-based samples, while choline chloride/citric acid DES was effective only on stone specimens. The results suggest a new practical application of DESs for the elimination of rust from lithic and cellulosic substrates of precious and artistic value.

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Surface Cleaning: Implications from Choices & Future Perspectives

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation

Fungal Diversity and Heritage Degradation

Advances in the application of nanomaterials for natural stone conservation

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Rust Removal Agents from Lithic and Cellulosic Substrates

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