Surface Configuration Change Observed for Teflon-PFA on Immersion in Water

Surface orientation of hydrophilic groups in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes

“…Argon gas may be regarded as a zero surface energy medium [30] that showed a strong attraction to the hydrophobic domains of a membrane to reduce the polymer-argon interfacial energy, leading to more hydrophobic atomic groups preferentially being exposed to the top surface of the membrane (Fig. 9b).…”

“…After the membrane was peeled from the glass plate, the membrane was left into a vacuum oven for further drying process in which temperature was increased 32 gradually up to 120 o C and kept constant for 24 h. During this process, both sides of the membrane were towards vacuum (Fig. 9c), which is a zero surface tension medium [30].…”

The elimination of the influence of ambient environmental effects on the structure of `inert' polymers

“…In spite of the long history of water contact-angle measurements on organic surfaces and polymers, e.g. studies like those of Erbil et al (1999), Yasuda et al (1994) and Miyama et al (1997), to cite just a very few examples among the vast number, there exist far fewer papers detailing water adsorption on any polymer surface (Akhremitchev et al, 1998;Bedrov et al, 1998;Bummer & Knutson, 1990;Cadzerna & Thomas, 1987;Carey & Ferguson, 1996;Carey et al, 2000;Chan et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1999;Erbil et al, 1999;Harder et al, 1998;Hawkridge et al, 2002;Levshin et al, 2001;Miyama et al, 1997;Ong et al, 1993;Parker et al, 1994;Pertsin & Grunze, 2000;Pike et al, 1996;Proost et al, 2000;Suzuki et al, 2002;Tingey & Andrade, 1991;Toselli et al, 2001;Wang et al, 1997Wang et al, , 2000Weikart et al, 1999;Yasuda, et al, 1991Yasuda, et al, , 1994Yasuda, et al, , 1995. There remains an absence of a detailed understanding of polymer surface adsorbate chemistry, commensurate with other areas of surface science.…”

Retardation of the surface rearrangement of O2 plasma-treated LDPE by a two-step temperature control

“…Although polar functional groups can be introduced via these treatments, these groups tend to disappear gradually and eventually the effects of surface treatments are lost. This observation, known as surface rearrangement or the aging effect [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], can be attributed to the high mobility of macromolecules and to the reorientation of macromolecules at an interface, depending on the surroundings [25,[31][32][33][34][35][36].…”