Surface‐confined electropolymerization of pyronin Y in the graphene composite paper structure for the amperometric determination of dopamine

Abstract

Surface‐confined electropolymerization allowed us to easily prepare homogeneous polymer composite paper structures. The fabrication of freestanding graphene (Gr)‐based composite electrodes is very important for many modular approaches in electrochemical applications, such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and sensors. A Gr composite paper electrode doped with polymeric films of pyronin Y was fabricated by two repetitive simple applications: vacuum filtration and surface‐confined electropolymerization. The characterization of this composite paper was done with scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, four‐point probe conductivity measurement, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The freestanding composite paper demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity for the electrooxidation of dopamine; this indicated that this composite paper could be used for the amperometric quantification of dopamine in real samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45139.

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Flexible, Free‐Standing, Three‐Dimensional and Rough NiMOF/rGO Composite Paper Electrode for Determination of Catechol

“…In the Raman spectrum of the rGO paper, the G‐band corresponding to the E2 g geometry of the two‐dimensional hexagonal C=C sp 2 structure was observed at 1610 cm −1 . In addition, the D band at 1365 cm −1 was formed due to the defects of graphene layers . In the Raman spectrum of NiMOF/rGO composite paper, besides the D and G bands, the peaks corresponding to NiMOF structure were determined in the range of 150 to 1200 cm −1 (inset of Figure ), thus, indicates that the NiMOF structure is successfully deposited on the surface of the rGO paper electrode.…”

ZnS Nanoparticles‐decorated Composite Graphene Paper: A Novel Flexible Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Dopamine

“…Accordingly, it is very important to develop new electrode materials that can selectively and sensitively determine DA and distinguish it from AA and UA signals. For this purpose, various electrode materials were designed and modified with carbon nanomaterials [17], metal nanoparticles [18–19], different composite structures [20–23], polymers [24–26], and metal oxides [12, 13, 27]. However, flexible and self‐standing graphene paper electrodes (GPE) prepared in composite structure using metal sulfides have not been used for the determination of DA until now.…”

Conducting Polymer-Reduced Graphene Oxide Sponge Electrode for Electrochemical Detection Based on DNA Hybridization

“…Graphene is a material with excellent thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, chemical stability, and superior electrical and optical properties . Graphene and graphene-based materials are of great importance in applications such as chemical and biological sensors, − energy storage materials, − polymer composites, , fuel cells, and electrocatalysis. , Graphene could be used in the preparation of 2D (thin films, graphene papers) as well as 3D (hydrogel, aerogel, sponges) materials that have a planar structure and self-assembled feature . The 2D and 3D graphene-based materials have been prepared using GO dispersion of different concentrations. , Various reduction processes such as chemical, electrochemical, thermal, and hydrothermal treatments could be applied to convert GO into RGO structure.…”

“…19 Graphene is a material with excellent thermal conductivity, large specific surface area, chemical stability, and superior electrical and optical properties. 20 Graphene and graphene-based materials are of great importance in applications such as chemical and biological sensors, 21−25 energy storage materials, 26−30 polymer composites, 31,32 fuel cells, 33 and electrocatalysis. 34,35 Graphene could be used in the preparation of 2D (thin films, graphene papers) as well as 3D (hydrogel, aerogel, sponges) materials that have a planar structure and self-assembled feature.…”