Surface conjugation of triphenylphosphonium to target poly(amidoamine) dendrimers to mitochondria

Polymer Functionalization of Isolated Mitochondria for Cellular Transplantation and Metabolic Phenotype Alteration

“…Dextran was selected as the polymer coating based on its wide use in a number of biomedical applications,19 with advantages that include biocompatibility and the potential for further functionalization. To obtain stable association with mitochondrial membranes, dextran was conjugated with TPP ( Figure 1 a), a lipophilic, cationic ligand with mitochondriotropic properties (Figure 1b) 20. Dextran‐TPP conjugation proved successful, as demonstrated by 1 H NMR (Figure S1, Supporting Information).…”

Controlling and Monitoring Intracellular Delivery of Anticancer Polymer Nanomedicines

“…[150,151] Conjugation of TPP to PAMAM dendrimers allowed endosomal escape and efficient mitochondrial targeting. [152,153] In a similar manner, a construct containing TPP and the photosensitizer mesochlorine ce6 (Mce6) was connected to the side chains of a PHPMA conjugate via a disulfide linker. [87] The disulfide bond was selected to promote rapid intracellular release and subsequent mitochondrial targeting of the TPP-Mce6 drug conjugate.…”

“…[149] Another possibility is to modify the polymer carrier with a suitable fluorescent dye. [152] The use of fluorescent, or fluorescent-labeled, DLCs is attractive as they simultaneously allow to target the mitochondria as well as to visualize the localization of the polymer nanomedicines in these organelles. For instance, enhanced mitochondrial targeting of liposomes modified with the DLC rhodamine-123 (Rho) was observed by colocalization studies with stained mitochondria.…”

Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Challenges & Opportunities

“…This includes biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle platforms, such as PLGA-PEG nanoparticles, surface modified with TPP moiety [29,30]; mitochondrial targeting gold peptides [31]; TPP conjugated poly (amidoamine) dendrimers [32]; multifunctional enveloped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) modified with TPP, peptides and coated with pH-sensitive PEG-PLL (DMA) polymer [33]; rhodamine-based plasmid DNA nanoparticles [34] and functional DOX-nanoparticles prepared with folate-terminated polyrotaxanes (FPRs) and dequalinium (DQA) [35]. These nanocarrier formulations represent some novel techniques delivering various small molecules, peptides & DNA to mitochondria and along with previously mentioned delivery systems offer promise and potential to routinely target mitochondria as a sub-cellular target.…”