Surface core-level shifts on Nb(001)

Lo, W.-S.; Chien, T.S.; Tsan, C.-C.; Fang, Bo

doi:10.1103/physrevb.51.14749

Phys. Rev. B

1995

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.14749

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Surface core-level shifts on Nb(001)

W.-S. Lo

T.S. Chien

C.-C. Tsan

et al.

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Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Recently, an experimental SCLS of a little less than 500 meV has been reported on the more open Nb(100) surface (Lo et al 1995). This is consistent with our result since the SCLS is expected to be smaller for the more close-packed (110) surface.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

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The surface core-level shift of the Nb(110) surface

Strisland¹,

Ramstad²,

Berg³

et al. 1998

Philosophical Magazine Letters

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The surface core-level shift (SCLS) of the Nb(110) surface has been determined by means of high-resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy of the Nb 3d 5/2 core level. A SCLS of 180 6 15 meV towards higher binding energy with respect to the bulk component was estimated by curve ® tting the Nb 3d 5/2 core-level spectra taken using several photon energies. The sign of the SCLS agrees with recent ab initio calculations including both initial-and ® nalstate e ects, but the shift is signi® cantly smaller than predicted in these calculations.The surface core-level shift (SCLS) observed in high-resolution core-level photoemission appears because the atoms in the surface layer have a lower coordination than bulk atoms. The understanding of this shift has been a subject of intense debate in the past but recently, with the use of ab initio calculations including both initial-and the ® nal-state e ects of the photoemission process, reasonably good agreement between theory and experiment has been reached (Johansson and Ma Ê rtensson 1980, 1983, Citrin and Wertheim 1982, Toma Â nek et al. 1982, Ma Ê rtensson et al. 1989, Flodstro È m et al. 1992, Methfessel et al. 1992, Alde Â n et al. 1993, Andersen et al. 1994. At present the experimental SCLS for most 5d metals and the rare-earth metals have been reported (Ma Ê rtensson et al. 1989, Flodstro È m et al. 1992. For the 4d and 3d metals, fewer values have been reported, mainly because higher photon energies are required in order to excite and study the narrowest core levels of these metals. This, in turn, may result in insucient resolution to identify the shifts.Here we present the results of high-resolution photoemission from the Nb 3d 5 /2 core level of Nb(110). From the data we obtain a SCLS of 180 6 15 meV towards higher binding energy, which is signi® cantly smaller than the SCLS predicted by recent ab initio calculations (500 meV) for the Nb(110) surface (Alde Â n et al. 1993).Recently, an experimental SCLS of a little less than 500 meV has been reported on the more open Nb(100) surface (Lo et al. 1995). This is consistent with our result since the SCLS is expected to be smaller for the more close-packed (110) surface.The present experiments were performed at beam line 22 at the MAX I storage ring in Lund, Sweden. This beam line is equipped with a modi® ed Zeiss SX-700 monochromator and a modi® ed angle-integrating Scienta-200 hemispherical photoelectron energy analyser (Nyholm et al. 1986, Andersen et al. 1991. The cleaning of Nb surfaces has proven to be rather di cult (Franchy et al. 1996), since Nb oxide can only be removed by heating the sample to very high temperatures, that is within 200 K of the melting temperature. The Nb(110) single crystal was cleaned by

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supporting

confidence: 93%

“…Strisland et al Table 1. Experimental SCLS and line-shape parameters for the Nb 3d 5/2 core level of Nb(110) (this experiment) and Nb(100) (Lo et al, 1995). The symbols are explained in the text.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface core-level shift of the Nb(110) surface

Strisland¹,

Ramstad²,

Berg³

et al. 1998

Philosophical Magazine Letters

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Core level study of NbC(100) and NbN(100)

Johansson

1996

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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Evidence for a large enrichment of interstitial oxygen atoms in the nanometer-thick metal layer at the NbO/Nb (110) interface

Arfaoui

Guillot

Cousty

et al. 2002

Journal of Applied Physics

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The oxide/metal interface induced by surface segregation of oxygen during the annealing of a Nb single crystal in UHV has been studied by photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. With 260 and 350 eV photons, four well-resolved peaks A, B, C, D are found in spectra within the 200–210 eV range of binding energy. One couple of peaks (A and C) is associated with 3d5/2 and 3d3/2 core levels of Nb atoms in the metal while the other one (B and D), shifted by 1.4 eV when compared to A and C, corresponds to 3d levels of oxidized Nb atoms. The metal peak A at 202.3 eV is formed by three 3d5/2 components: a peak due to a metallic state (202.1 eV) and two components shifted by 0.2 and 0.5 eV, which are attributed to Nb6O and Nb4O compounds due to interstitial atoms of oxygen, respectively. The estimated concentration of the interstitial oxygen atoms in the nanometer-thick metal skin underlying the NbO/Nb interface corresponds to a large enrichment when compared to the one in the Nb bulk.

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Surface core-level shifts on Nb(001)

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

The surface core-level shift of the Nb(110) surface

The surface core-level shift of the Nb(110) surface

Core level study of NbC(100) and NbN(100)

Evidence for a large enrichment of interstitial oxygen atoms in the nanometer-thick metal layer at the NbO/Nb (110) interface

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