Surface deterioration of wood plastic composites under outdoor exposure

Ebe, Kenichi; Sekino, Noboru

doi:10.1007/s10086-014-1449-4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Pine/polyethylene composites with 70% particle content showed considerably higher weight loss than composites made of 50% particle content. Moreover, the results of this study also complied with the results reported by Verhey et al [23] and Ebe and Sekino [13], because WPCs with higher particle contents are more susceptible to natural decay. Moreover, Kartal et al [24] described similar results that the composites having large particles showed a lower weight loss than the smaller particle sized specimens.…”

Section: Decay Resistancesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In an earlier research, Chen et al [6] reported that the large size wood particles increased the bending strength and decreased the density of composites. In the meantime, natural decay resistance or durability is another important issue for the WPCs performance and recent concerns about it is increasing [13], because wood particles or fibers are biodegradable [13] and hygroscopic [2] in nature that exposed to extreme conditions. However, Rahman et al [3] did not report the decay resistance of the WPCs in the earlier research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites as a function of particle size and mixing ratio

et al. 2018

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This paper presents the effects of particle size and mixing ratio on the properties including physical, mechanical, and decay resistance of wood plastic composites (WPCs). In addition, it also presents the effects of immersion temperatures on water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of the WPCs. WPCs with a thickness of 6 mm were fabricated from Albizia richardiana King & Prain wood particles and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by the flat-press method. To prepare the WPCs, two different wood particle sizes (0.5-1.0 and 1.01-2.0 mm) were used along with four different mixing ratios (w/w). Subsequently, the physical properties include density, moisture content, WA, and TS, and mechanical properties include modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the produced WPCs was evaluated. Furthermore, decay resistance was evaluated by the weight loss percentage method. Moreover, the effects of immersion temperatures on WA and TS of WPCs after 24 h of immersion in water at three different temperatures, i.e., 25, 50, and 75 °C were investigated. Results showed that the wood particle size had impact on WPC's density (only 6% decreased with the increase of particle size); however, the density decreased by 29% when the wood particle content increased from 40 to 70%. The WA and TS gradually increased with the increase of particle content and decrease of particle size. In addition, WA and TS increased proportionately with increasing immersion temperature from 25 to 75 °C. Furthermore, the highest MOE (2570 N/mm 2) was found for the WPCs fabricated from large wood particles having the ration of 50:50 (wood particle:PET). For decay resistance, WPCs consisted of larger particles and higher PET content showed greater resistance against decay. Therefore, it is comprehensible that fabrication of the WPCs from 50% large particles and 50% PET is technically feasible and further improvement of WPC performance like enhancement of MOE and reduction of density using coupling agent and agricultural waste fibers, respectively, in the WPC formulation is recommended.

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Section: Decay Resistancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites as a function of particle size and mixing ratio

et al. 2018

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“…The methods described in the specification [16][17][18][19] were followed. Specifically, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, Thermo Scientific Nicolet-6700) was used to measure the infrared absorption spectrum of the postexposure PE-RS sample films (thickness 0.2 mm) in the range from 2200 cm −1 to 1600 cm −1 on transmission mode at a typical average of 24 scans, and the CI was calculated from the absorbances at around 1715 cm …”

Section: Carbonyl Index (Ci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many data of weathering test for adhesives and other outdoor applications were published [13][14][15]. Thus, the objective of this joint study was to perform accelerated weathering testing and outdoor exposure testing of a polyethylene reference sample (PE-RS) [16][17][18][19] and six types of polypropylene (PP) at public research organizations under the Polymer Subcommittee in the Industrial Technology Cooperative Promotion Committee (Japan) to obtain findings regarding the reproducibility and acceleration of the accelerated weathering testing and the correlation between the accelerated weathering testing and outdoor exposure testing as indicated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weatherability of Polypropylene by Accelerated Weathering Tests and Outdoor Exposure Tests in Japan

Shimizu

Tokuta

Oishi

et al. 2016

Journal of Polymers

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, carried out from 2010 to 2012, polyethylene reference sample (PE-RS) pieces and six types of polypropylene (PP) were subjected to accelerated weathering tests and outdoor exposure tests, resulting in the following findings. (1) The PE-RS was subjected to eight 100 h exposure tests in the same test machine. The accelerated weathering test machines of the participating institutes had high reproducibility. (2) The PE-RS CI values were greater when the temperature in the chamber was greater during accelerated weathering tests, and there was a high correlation with the average temperature in the outdoor exposure tests at 20 places in Japan. (3) By comparing the change in PP strength by normalizing the degradation environment using the PE-RS CI values, the accelerated weathering test with results showing the highest correlation with the outdoor exposure test results was the one with the xenon arc lamp at an irradiance of 60 W/m 2 and a BPT of 63 ∘ C.

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“…Pigments, light stabilizers, and UVAs have been investigated to improve the color stability of WPCs. 16 –18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial wood-plastic composite produced from treated and natural dyed wood fibers

Jamili

Mirjalili

Zamani

2019

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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The main goal of the present study was the fabrication of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composite with enhanced properties. In this regard, the wood fibers were primarily bleached with sodium chlorite and then dyeing of fibers was carried out with green walnut shells as a natural dye. Influences of natural dye on color, antibacterial, and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The WPVC composite showed excellent antibacterial activity measured against two common pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, negligible toxicity of the composite was proven with cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, the color variation of the bleached sample after light irradiation was negligible, which demonstrated the proper colorfastness of the composite.

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Surface deterioration of wood plastic composites under outdoor exposure

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites as a function of particle size and mixing ratio

Properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites as a function of particle size and mixing ratio

Weatherability of Polypropylene by Accelerated Weathering Tests and Outdoor Exposure Tests in Japan

Antibacterial wood-plastic composite produced from treated and natural dyed wood fibers

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