Surface development of an aluminum brazing sheet during heating studied by XPEEM and XPS

Rullik, Lisa; Bertram, Florian; Niu, Y.; Evertsson, Jonas; Stenqvist, Torkel; Zakharov, Alexei; Mikkelsen, Anders; Lundgren, Edvin

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/3/10/106506

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the AP case, see Figure A, the Mg signal is continuously increasing with temperature consistent with Mg segregating to the surface at elevated temperatures and in agreement with previous observations. () In addition, two components are resolved and assigned to metallic (50.1 eV) and oxide (ranging from 51.2 to 51.9 eV) species; their binding energies are shown in Table . It should be noted, however, that the fit of the 300° C spectra is approximative because of the low intensity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface oxide development on aluminum alloy 6063 during heat treatment

Rullik

Evertsson

Johansson

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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We report on the influence of oxygen partial pressure for the development of surface oxides covering the industrial aluminum alloy standard 6063 at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 500° C. Using an array of synchrotron‐based techniques, we followed the change in oxide thickness, chemical composition, and the lateral distribution of alloying elements. The impact of the oxygen chemical potential is most visible at high temperatures where the oxide composition changes from mostly Al based to mostly Mg based. This is in stark contrast to the ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions where only a partial compositional transition is observed. The microscopy data demonstrate that in the UHV case, Mg segregation onto the surface occurs firstly at grain boundaries at 300° C and secondly at sites over the entire surface at 400° C. Further, the initial oxide thickness is 45 Å, as determined by XPS and XRR, decreases in all observed cases after heating to 300° C. At higher temperatures, however, the oxygen partial pressure highly influences the resulting oxide thickness as evident from our X‐ray reflectivity data.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…() Only recently studies started to investigate industrial samples besides single crystalline model systems aiming for more realistic samples and environments. ()…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface oxide development on aluminum alloy 6063 during heat treatment

Rullik

Evertsson

Johansson

et al. 2019

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Synchrotron-based PEEM (XPEEM) has been extensively used in a wide range of disciplines, e.g. materials science, nano-science, heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion science, biology and biomineral science, to image structural, chemical, electronic and magnetic properties of the surface and nanostructures (Shi et al, 2018;Laverock et al, 2018;Ali-Lo ¨ytty et al, 2018;Bommanaboyena et al, 2021;Rullik et al, 2016;Hjort et al, 2014;Fitzer et al, 2016;Metzler et al, 2007). To perform such measurements with single-digit nanometre resolution, one has to design a beamline with high photon density flux and install a state-of-the-art low-energy electron microscope with a high-resolution detection system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAXPEEM: a spectromicroscopy beamline at MAX IV laboratory

Niu¹,

Vinogradov²,

Preobrajenski³

et al. 2023

J Synchrotron Rad

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MAXPEEM, a dedicated photoemission electron microscopy beamline at MAX IV Laboratory, houses a state-of-the-art aberration-corrected spectroscopic photoemission and low-energy electron microscope (AC-SPELEEM). This powerful instrument offers a wide range of complementary techniques providing structural, chemical and magnetic sensitivities with a single-digit nanometre spatial resolution. The beamline can deliver a high photon flux of ≥1015 photons s−1 (0.1% bandwidth)−1 in the range 30–1200 eV with full control of the polarization from an elliptically polarized undulator. The microscope has several features which make it unique from similar instruments. The X-rays from the synchrotron pass through the first beam separator and impinge the surface at normal incidence. The microscope is equipped with an energy analyzer and an aberration corrector which improves both the resolution and the transmission compared with standard microscopes. A new fiber-coupled CMOS camera features an improved modulation transfer function, dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio compared with the traditional MCP-CCD detection system.

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“…Although it has a perfect melting temperature, its wettability is much worse than that of Al-Si alloy, and more importantly, the corrosion resistance of Al-Zn alloy is much lower than that of Al-Si alloy, which makes it difficult to be used in heat exchangers [ 17 , 18 ]. Mg can break oxide film on the surface of aluminum alloys in vacuum conditions since Mg has stronger atomic activity and higher vapor pressure than Al, making Al-Mg alloy often used as a vacuum brazing filler metal [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. However, due to the low production efficiency of vacuum brazing technology and the pollution of Mg steam to equipment, its application is not as wide as that of NOCOLOK flux brazing technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Atmosphere Brazing of 3003 Aluminum Alloy Using Low-Melting-Point Filler Metal Fabricated by Melt-Spinning Technology

Gao

Qin

2022

Materials

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3003 aluminum alloy was widely used for the manufacturing of heat exchangers in the automotive industry by employing controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB) with NOCOLOK flux brazing technology. However, commercially available filler metals for NOCOLOK flux brazing technology are usually required to be carried out at a relatively high temperature, causing the assembled heat exchanger to be partially molten or easily deformed. A new low-melting-point brazing filler metal Al-5.0Si-20.5Cu-2.0Ni was prepared by using melt-spinning technology and then applied to CAB of 3003 aluminum alloy in this research. The solidus and liquidus of brazing filler metal was 513.21 °C and 532.48 °C. All elements were evenly distributed and free from elemental segregation. The microstructure of brazing filler metal was uniform, and the grain size was less than 500 nm. As the brazing temperature reached 575 °C, the void in the joint disappeared completely. The morphology of CuAl2 was sensitive to the brazing temperature and dwell time. The appearance of net-like CuAl2 brazed at 575 °C for 20 min was more beneficial to improve joint mechanical properties. The leakage rate of the joint was qualified to be 10−10 Pa·m3/s when the brazing temperature was 570 °C or higher. The maximum shear strength of 76.1 MPa can be obtained when the joint was brazed at 575 °C for 20 min. More dwell time induced growth of the interfacial layer and reduced joint shear strength. The open circuit potential and corrosion current density test indicated that the brazing filler metal Al-5.0Si-20.5Cu-2.0Ni had better corrosion resistance than that of 3003 aluminum alloy.

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Surface development of an aluminum brazing sheet during heating studied by XPEEM and XPS

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Surface oxide development on aluminum alloy 6063 during heat treatment

Surface oxide development on aluminum alloy 6063 during heat treatment

MAXPEEM: a spectromicroscopy beamline at MAX IV laboratory

Controlled Atmosphere Brazing of 3003 Aluminum Alloy Using Low-Melting-Point Filler Metal Fabricated by Melt-Spinning Technology

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