Surface diffusion of individual atoms and dimers: Re on W(211)

Microscopic view of epitaxial metal growth: nucleation and aggregation

“…For channeled planes as fcc(1 1 0) and bcc(2 1 1) (see ReaW(2 1 1) [99]) considerable mobility is expected for``long'' dimers oriented perpendicular to the channels, whereas in-channel dimers presumably stay immobile up to their dissociation.…”

Diffusion rates of Cu adatoms on Cu(111) in the presence of an adisland nucleated at fcc or hcp sites

“…Many experiments based on field ion [26,27] and scanning tunnelling [2, 28,29] microscopies have been devoted to the determination of surface diffusion coefficients. However their interpretation may be somewhat tricky since, apart from peculiar cases, several elementary processes are involved.…”

A study of Ag/Ag(100) thin film growth with scanning tunneling microscopy

“…This helps to reduce the diffusion banier. The energies at saddle points will also be reduced due to interaction between atoms of cluster [15,22,23,24]. These observations show that cluster diffusion is as important as single atom diffusion during thin metal growth.…”

“…Studies of R e on W(211) [15], W2onW(211) [16], W2onW(110) [17],Pt2onW(110) [18]allsuggestedthatthe displacement of the center of cluster was due to displacement of each atom, not due to the simultaneous movement of the whole cluster. Furthermore, the activation energies for dimers in many cases were found to be comparable to or smaller than that for single atom, suchasW~onW(110) [19],Rh2onW(110) [20],M~onW(211),Re~onW(211) [15],Pt2 on W(110) [ 181. The possible explanation for this observation is that the dimer stays at a surface with less potential roughness than the monomer does [21].…”