Surface EMG during the Push-up plus Exercise on a Stable Support or Swiss          Ball: Scapular Stabilizer Muscle Exercise

Seo, Sung-Hwa; Jeon, In-Ho; Cho, Yong-Ho; Lee, Hyun-Gi; Hwang, Yoon-Tae; Jang, Jee-Hun

doi:10.1589/jpts.25.833

Cited by 36 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previously, no studies have been conducted on differences in muscle activities due to a difference in support surface during the plank exercise. However, compared to a previous similar study that exhibited n difference in muscle activities of shoulders and trunk according to a state of support state during push-up exercise, the present study also showed a difference in muscle activities when instability of support surface on the floor was high (Seo et al, 2013). In the previous study, muscle activities around shoulders were significantly higher in an unstable support surface against arms than in a stable support surface statistically.…”

Section: ⅳ Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Although a number of studies have been conducted on the plank as an exercise to increase muscle activities and muscle strength in abdomen, few studies have been conducted on muscles according to a support surface (Kim et al, 2016). Depending on the support surface of the floor, changes in muscle activities in trunk, arms, and legs were found during push-ups (Cho and Choi, 2016;Seo et al, 2013). Studies on the plank have been focused on strengthening abdominal muscles among trunk muscles (Tong et al, 2014).…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in Muscle Activities According to Stability on Support Surface During Plank Exercise

Cho

Choi

2017

KSPM

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| Abstract |1 )PURPOSE: The present study aimed to measure muscle activities in the pectoralis major, the erector spinae, and the quadriceps femoris according to support surface states of arms and legs during plank exercise. METHODS:The subjects of this study were 21 healthy males in their 20s and their muscle activities at three states were measured as follows: The first state was where the support surface of arms and legs was stable. The second state was where only arms were unstable, and the third state was where only legs were unstable. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activities. Pectoralis major, quadriceps femoris, and elector spinae were measured for muscle activities. RESULTS:The muscle activities in the pectoralis major were statistically high when arms were unstable. The muscle activities in the quadriceps femoris were statistically high when legs were unstable. The muscle activities in the erector spinae were higher when arms and legs were unstable compared to that at the stable support surface. No significant † Corresponding Author : choipt88@gmail.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. difference was revealed statistically when arms and legs were unstable. CONCLUSION:If the instability of arms and legs is employed during plank exercise, exercise on the upper and lower bodies or the erector spinae is expected to be more effective.

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Section: ⅳ Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in Muscle Activities According to Stability on Support Surface During Plank Exercise

Cho

Choi

2017

KSPM

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“…Twelve articles focused on the effects of the base of support during PUP exercises. 9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]51,52 After further checking for the meta-analysis, 1 article was excluded due to insufficient data for the means and standard deviations. 51 Therefore, 11 articles were included in this meta-analysis for analyzing the differences in SA and UT muscle activity during the PUP performed on stable and unstable surfaces.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] After finding that the standard PUP (SPP) and knee PUP exercises induced the highest SA and lowest UT : SA EMG measures, Ludewig et al 8 recommended these exercises for selective SA strengthening. Researchers 5,9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] have investigated whether the PUP exercise performed on different unstable bases stimulated mechanoreceptors and increased SA EMG activity, thereby enhancing shoulder-joint stabilization. The use of unstable or stable surfaces during the PUP exercise is under debate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kang

Lin

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Whereas the serratus anterior (SA) and the upper trapezius (UT) work as a force couple for scapular motion, weakness of the SA and overactivation of the UT are often present in overhead athletes with shoulder dysfunction. Therefore, researchers addressing an intramuscular imbalance between the SA and UT have focused on finding exercises that target the weak SA and minimally activate the UT. Objective To compare the effectiveness of push-up plus (PUP) exercise variants based on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the SA and UT. Data Sources A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus between January 1, 2000, and March 31, 2008. Study Selection Studies of PUP exercises that involved EMG analysis. Data Extraction We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. For the systematic analysis, the following data were extracted: (1) author, year, and study design; (2) participant characteristics; (3) type of PUP intervention; (4) EMG outcome measures; and (5) main results. For the meta-analysis, the EMG data of the SA and UT were calculated using the mean difference of EMG activity with a 95% confidence interval. Data Synthesis Based on 19 studies with 356 participants, different hand positions (the distance between the hands, shoulder-flexion angle, and elbow-flexion angle) and different lower extremity positions variably affected the activation of the SA and UT during the PUP exercise. Also, when participants performed the PUP on an unstable surface compared with a stable surface, UT activity increased 2.74% (95% confidence interval = 0.07%, 5.41%). Conclusions The standard PUP exercise elicited high EMG activity of the SA. Participants generated higher SA and lower UT EMG activity when they performed the PUP exercise on a stable surface in full elbow extension, with the hands placed shoulder-width apart, shoulder-flexion angles of 110° or 120°, and the ipsilateral lower extremity lifted.

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“…48 Scapular stabilizers may be similar to postural support muscles where their function contributes toward maintaining normal shoulder kinematics and are integral for shoulder health and function; these muscles include the serratus anterior, 49,50 trapezius, 51 and latissimus dorsi. 52 However, there is no consensus on the behavior of these muscles in the presence of pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalization to Maximal Voluntary Contraction is Influenced by Subacromial Pain

Ettinger

Weiss

Shapiro

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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In this study, we aimed to determine if electromyography (EMG) normalization to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) was influenced by subacromial pain in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Patients performed MVICs in unique testing positions for each shoulder muscle tested before and after subacromial injection of local anesthetic. In addition to collection of MVIC data, EMG data during an arm elevation task were recorded before and after injection. From a visual analog pain scale, patients had a 64% decrease in pain following the injection. Significant increases in MVICs were noted in 4 of the 7 shoulder muscles tested: anterior, middle and posterior deltoid, and lower trapezius. No significant differences were noticed for the upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, or serratus anterior. MVIC condition (pre and post injection) had a significant influence on EMG normalization for the anterior deltoid and lower trapezius muscle. Results indicate that subacromial pain can influence shoulder muscle activity, especially for the deltoid muscles and lower trapezius. In addition, normalization to MVIC in the presence of pain can have unpredictable results. Caution should be taken when normalizing EMG data to MVIC in the presence of pain.

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Surface EMG during the Push-up plus Exercise on a Stable Support or Swiss Ball: Scapular Stabilizer Muscle Exercise

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Difference in Muscle Activities According to Stability on Support Surface During Plank Exercise

Difference in Muscle Activities According to Stability on Support Surface During Plank Exercise

Serratus Anterior and Upper Trapezius Electromyographic Analysis of the Push-Up Plus Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Normalization to Maximal Voluntary Contraction is Influenced by Subacromial Pain

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