Surface Enamel Remineralization: Biomimetic Apatite Nanocrystals and Fluoride Ions Different Effects

Abstract

A new method for altered enamel surface remineralization has been proposed . To this aim carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanocrystals which mimic for composition, structure, nanodimensions, and morphology dentine apatite crystals and resemble closely natural apatite chemical-physical properties have been used The results underline the differences induced by the use of fluoride ions and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals in contrasting the mechanical abrasions and acid attacks to which tooth enamel is exposed. Fluoride ions generate a surface modification of the natural enamel apatite crystals increasing their crystallinity degree and relative mechanical and acid resistance. On the other hand, the remineralization produced by carbonate-hydroxyapatite consists in a deposition of a new apatitic mineral into the eroded enamel surface scratches. A new biomimetic mineral coating, which progressively fills and shadows surface scratches, covers and safeguards the enamel structure by contrasting the acid and bacteria attacks.

Addition of Hydroxyapatite to Toothpaste and Its Effect to Dentin Remineralization

“…HAp is a good biomaterial, especially in the field of bone engineering, because of its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, which covers a wide range of applications for bone substitution and interface. 25) As studied, enamel maintains a Ca:P ratio of 1.63 compared to the general HAp ratio of 1.67 and bone, 1.71 thereby forming a chemical relationship between the three, making it possible for HAp to be used for dental regeneration. 23) In this study, complete incorporation of HAp to the toothpaste was confirmed using XRD and SEM.…”

“…This has resulted in the incorporation of fluoride in many products used by individuals on a daily basis, such as water, salt and milk, among many examples. 8) Clinical observations suggest that provision of fluoride to vehicles is effective against caries development. The most popular vehicle is toothpaste, which serves as the principle means of the topical delivery of fluoride.…”

Different corrosive effects on hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and amine fluoride-based mouthwashes on dental titanium brackets: a comparative in vitro study

“…Furthermore, when bacterial plaque, by its acidity, solubilizes the zinc-substituted CHA present on the titanium implant. 40,41,45 On one hand, our data shows that the presence of F − in mouthwashes should be avoided to prevent any degradation of the metallic dental implant and subsequent contamination with bacteria. On the other hand, the CHA-based mouthwash prevents the degradation of the metallic dental implants and the formation of bacterial film.…”

“…3,40,41 There are some commercial products for oral care, like toothpastes and mouthwashes, based on CHA, which come into contact with titanium prostheses.…”

The Biomimetic Approach to Design Apatites for Nanobiotechnological Applications

“…In another approach, biomimetic carbonate HA nanoparticles that mimic the size of natural dentinal HA (20 nm) or enamel apatite (100 nm) were used to repair micrometre-sized tooth-surface defects in vitro (Roveri et al, 2008a;Roveri et al, 2009). Clusters of these nanocrystals have been incorporated into toothpastes or mouth-rinsing solutions to promote the repair of demineralised enamel or dentin surfaces by depositing apatite nanoparticles in the defects.…”