Surface‐Engineered Nanomaterials for Optical Array Based Sensing

Abstract

Array based sensing governed by optical methods provides fast and economic way for detection of wide variety of analytes where the ideality of detection processes depends on the sensor element‘s versatile mode of interaction with multiple analytes in an unbiased manner. This can be achieved by either the receptor unit having multiple recognition moiety, or their surface property should possess tuning ability upon fabrication called surface engineering. Nanomaterials have a high surface to volume ratio, making them viable candidates for molecule recognition through surface adsorption phenomena, which makes it ideal to meet the above requirements. Most crucially, by engineering a nanomaterial's surface, one may produce cross‐reactive responses for a variety of analytes while focusing solely on a single nanomaterial. Depending on the nature of receptor elements, in the last decade the array‐based sensing has been considering as multimodal detection platform which operates through various pathway including single channel, multichannel, binding and indicator displacement assay, sequential ON‐OFF sensing, enzyme amplified and nanozyme based sensing etc. In this review we will deliver the working principle for Array‐based sensing by using various nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanodots and self‐assembled nanomaterials and their surface functionality for suitable molecular recognition.

Development of Optical Differential Sensing Based on Nanomaterials for Biological Analysis

“…The integration of hierarchical nanomaterials alongside other nanomaterials expands the design possibilities of analysis arrays, enabling even more diverse and efficient biosensing platforms [190]. Overall, the application of nanomaterials has dramatically improved the sensitivity and recognition range of pattern recognition detection, leading to more diverse array designs [191]. However, challenges remain in this field.…”

Food for Thought: Optical Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning for the Food and Beverage Industry

“…The cross-reactive sensing approach has been applied widely across (bio)­analytical chemistry, with the individual sensors in the arrays constructed from reactive small molecules, macrocyclic or polymeric supramolecular systems, , nanoscale materials, or engineered biomacromolecules. , To generate a response from the array to the chemistry contained within the sample, a range of binding or bonding interactions can be probed, for example, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, charge, or hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions. Patterns of receptors (e.g., polymers or nanoparticles with a particular repeat or surface unit) or preorganized receptors (e.g., cavitands) can increase specificity for elements in the array to key families of molecules in the sample .…”

“…The cross-reactive sensing approach has been applied widely across (bio)analytical chemistry, with the individual sensors in the arrays constructed from reactive small molecules, 15 macrocyclic or polymeric supramolecular systems, 16 , 17 nanoscale materials, 18 or engineered biomacromolecules. 19 , 20 To generate a response from the array to the chemistry contained within the sample, a range of binding or bonding interactions can be probed, for example, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, charge, or hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions.…”

Machine Learning Assisted Enhancement in a Two-Dimensional Material’s Sensing Performance

“…Array-based sensing, which is controlled by optical techniques, offers a quick and affordable means of detecting a wide range of analytes. The versatility of the sensor element’s ability to interact impartially and versatilely with numerous analytes determines how optimal the detection processes are . Graphene, MXenes, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other 2D materials (metal oxides and degenerate semiconductors) possess distinct optical characteristics and serve a distinct purpose in the identification of various biomolecules.…”

“…The versatility of the sensor element's ability to interact impartially and versatilely with numerous analytes determines how optimal the detection processes are. 120 Graphene, MXenes, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other 2D materials (metal oxides and degenerate semiconductors) possess distinct optical characteristics and serve a distinct purpose in the identification of various biomolecules. The detection of nitroaromatic chemicals (rhodamine 6G, methyl violet, and methylene blue) by SERS was reported by Lu et al 121 used a system based on GO coated with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs).…”