Surface Engineered Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles to Subside Cell Inflammation

Abstract

The smart design of nanoparticles with varying surfaces may open a new avenue for potential biomedical applications. Consequently, several approaches have been established for controlled synthesis to develop the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. However, many of the synthesis and functionalization methods are chemical-based and might be toxic to limit the full potential of nanoparticles. Here, curcumin (a plant-derived material) based synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles, followed by the development of a suitable exterior corona using isoniazid (INH, antibiotic), tyrosine (Tyr, amino acid), and quercetin (Qrc, antioxidant), is reported. All these nanoparticles (Cur-Au, Cur-Au INH , Cur-Au Tyr , and Cur-Au Qrc ) possess inherent peroxidasemimicking natures depending on the surface corona of respective nanoparticles, and they are found to be excellent candidates for free radical scavenging action. The peroxidase-mimicking nanoparticle interactions with red blood cells and mouse macrophages confirmed their hemo-and biocompatible nature. Moreover, these surface-engineered Au nanoparticles were found to be suitable in subsiding key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The inherent peroxidase-mimicking behavior and anti-inflammatory potential without any significant toxicity of these nanoparticles may open new prospects for nanomedicine.

Achieving enhanced peroxidase-like activity in multimetallic nanorattles

“…4A). 36 The presence of hydroxyl radicals can be determined by a decrease in the concentration of the reaction product (oxTMB) upon the addition of the hydroxyl radical scavenger isopropanol (IPA) as shown in Fig. S8 †.…”

“…It is well established that the peroxidase-like activity of Au nanozymes happens via a surface binding mechanism, in which adsorbed H 2 O 2 is decomposed into hydroxyl radicals, which are in turn responsible for the oxidation of the substrate TMB, resulting in the blue product oxTMB (Figure 4A). 36 The presence of hydroxyl radicals can be determined by a decrease in the concentration of the reaction product (oxTMB) upon the addition of the hydroxyl radical scavenger isopropanol (IPA) as shown in Figure S8. Thus, it is expected that the peroxidase-like activity of Au nanozymes will be affected by their surface area and the nature of capping agents or surface charge.…”

Radix Pueraria Flavonoids Assisted Green Synthesis of Reduced Gold Nanoparticles: Application for Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Detection of Cholesterol in Food Samples

“…These applications include chemical catalysis, 1 electronic and magnetic devices, 2 biomedicine, 3 biosensing, 4 and nanotechnology. 5 Typically, AuNPs are generated utilizing colloidal chemistry techniques involving sodium borohydride and sodium citrate. 6 Nevertheless, despite their numerous benefits, the chemical reducing agents used in specific synthesis techniques are harmful or poisonous.…”

Reduced Genotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles With Protein Corona in Allium cepa

“…The global market of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is estimated to reach 6.33 billion USD by 2025 due to their increasing usage in biomedicine, biosensing, diagnostics and cosmetics ( Grandviewresearch, 2019 ). AuNPs have gained wide application because of their chemical inertness, perceived low intrinsic cytotoxicity, customizable nanoscale morphology, prospects for surface functionalization and their plasmonic properties that are capable of inducing biological responses ( Mosquera et al, 2020 ; Umapathi et al, 2020 ; Kumawat et al, 2022 ). However, this rapid increase in the use of AuNPs has enhanced the likelihood of their release into a specific microenvironment ( Gomez et al, 2014 ) through their use such as that for functionalized/capped AuNPs that have been examined for cancer diagnosis/therapy ( Sztandera et al, 2018 ), wound healing ( Naraginti et al, 2016 ), drug delivery ( Katsnelson et al, 2013 ; Kyriazi et al, 2018 ; Lopez-Chaves et al, 2018 ; Ansari et al, 2019 ), as cosmetic components ( Cao et al, 2016 ), for chemical sensing ( Qin et al, 2018 ) and antibacterial applications ( Zong et al, 2017 ; Govindaraju et al, 2018 ).…”