2012
DOI: 10.3390/coatings2030095
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Surface Engineering for Bone Implants: A Trend from Passive to Active Surfaces

Abstract: Abstract:The mechanical and biological properties of bone implants need to be optimal to form a quick and firm connection with the surrounding environment in load bearing applications. Bone is a connective tissue composed of an organic collagenous matrix, a fine dispersion of reinforcing inorganic (calcium phosphate) nanocrystals, and bone-forming and -degrading cells. These different components have a synergistic and hierarchical structure that renders bone tissue properties unique in terms of hardness, flexi… Show more

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Cited by 223 publications
(151 citation statements)
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“…), or to mix these polymers with bioactive materials (e.g., bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, β-TCP, calcium silicate, etc.) [3][4][5][6]. The main problem of coatings is to guarantee a proper adhesion to the polymeric surface.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…), or to mix these polymers with bioactive materials (e.g., bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite, β-TCP, calcium silicate, etc.) [3][4][5][6]. The main problem of coatings is to guarantee a proper adhesion to the polymeric surface.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…25 Concerning biomaterials for bone tissue, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in bone repair 26 and for application as implant coating to improve the performance of bone implants. 27 Small levels of ionic substitution by silicon (Si) have significant effects on osteoclastic and osteoblastic responses both in vitro and in vivo. 28 The favourable effects of Si substitution in HA on bone cells have been related to passive and active mechanisms as material solubility increase, topographical changes, grain size reduction, surface charge modifications and ionic release of Si and Ca.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The demands on medical implants as safe and long-term solutions for problems with the musculoskeletal system are rapidly growing due to increased life expectancy, changing lifestyles and improved implant technology [1]. At present, problems related to orthopedic, oral and maxillofacial disorders annually affect millions of patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%