Surface engineering to improve tribological performance of Ti–6Al–4V

Dong, Hanshan; Bloyce, A.; Morton, P. H.; Bell, T.

doi:10.1179/sur.1997.13.5.402

Cited by 123 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The TO process is unable to provide adequate protection against wear beyond 100 m of sliding distance under the chosen loading conditions. Although prolonged treatment durations and/or higher temperatures may degrade the oxide layer quality [22] and therefore further reduce TO treatment efficacy, it is also clear that, for a thermal process, such a short treatment duration at 700°C is insufficient for most engineering applications. This difference in performance between the two treatments is clearly related to the change in oxidation kinetics under triode plasma conditions.…”

Section: Reciprocating-sliding Wear Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, temperatures that are too low, say below around 500°C, do not provide the necessary activation energy for oxygen dissolution in the titanium lattice [13]. On the other hand, short treatment durations at higher temperatures may not produce a sufficiently thick oxide compound layer for an appreciable improvement in tribological properties [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V alloys using triode plasma oxidation treatments

Cassar

Wilson²,

Banfield

et al. 2012

Surface and Coatings Technology

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In this study, triode plasma oxidation (TPO) has been used to improve the tribological characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V. The effect of TPO on ball-on-plate reciprocating-sliding, impact, and micro-abrasion wear resistance of this alloy is investigated. Surface micro-profilometry, nano-/micro-indentation hardness testing, scratch-adhesion testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) data is presented to corroborate the effects of the oxidation process. 'Traditional' thermal oxidation processes were used to benchmark this novel treatment. Following TPO treatment at 700°C for only 4 h, a hard (exceeding 11 GPa) and well-adhered oxide layer, composed of mixtures of the anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO 2 , was formed at the surface of the Ti-alloy. This layer is accompanied by a much larger oxygen-solution strengthened zone which creates a gradual chemical and mechanical gradient from the hard oxide 'compound layer' into the ductile substrate core. The various wear testing methods employed revealed excellent wear resistance of the TPO-treated alloy-compared both to the untreated alloy and to conventional, thermally oxidised samples.

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Section: Reciprocating-sliding Wear Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V alloys using triode plasma oxidation treatments

Cassar

Wilson²,

Banfield

et al. 2012

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…In the case of non-oxide tribo-layer, it merely refers to the oxides that could not be identified by XRD and are not completely absent of an oxide on the Ti64 sample surface. On the other hand, the tribo-oxide layer refers to the formation of a strong and compact oxide layer during sliding process that serves as a protection to the worn surface [28][29][30]. Inherently, in an EBM process where the built condition is under high vacuum environment, the thickness of surface oxide layer only ranges from 5 to 7 nm [31].…”

Section: Dry Sliding Wear Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Toh

Wang

Tan

et al. 2016

Metals

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Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) parts of varying thicknesses were additively manufactured (AM) by the powder-bed-based electron beam melting (EBM) technique. Microstructure and wear properties of these EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V parts have been investigated in comparison with conventionally cast Ti64 samples. Sliding wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc micro-tribometer under ambient conditions. Experimental results reveal that EBM-built Ti64 samples exhibited higher microhardness and an overall larger coefficient of friction as compared to the as-cast counterpart. Of interest is that the corresponding specific wear volumes were lower for EBM-built Ti64 samples, while the as-cast Ti64 showed the poorest wear resistance despite its lower coefficient of friction. Wear mechanisms were provided in terms of quantitative microstructural characterization and detailed analysis on coefficient of friction (COF) curves.

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“…The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is classified as α + β alloy presenting specific weight of 4.43 g/cm 3 , therefore 56% of the corresponding value to the steel and approximately double to the aluminum density 12,13 . However, the alloy presents inadequate tribological properties, with high friction coefficient of around 0.8 14 . In wear absence, the titanium and its alloys possesses excellent corrosion resistance in many enviroments including saline solutions, similar to corporeal fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid processing of Ti-6Al-4V using plasma immersion ion implantation combined with plasma nitriding

et al. 2006

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Based on the fact that the Ti-6Al-4V alloy has good mechanical properties, excellent resistance to corrosion and also excellent biocompatibility, however with low wear resistance, this work aims to test plasma processes or combination of plasma and ion implantation processes to improve these characteristics. Two types of processing were used: two steps PIII (Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation) combined with PN (Plasma Nitriding) and single step PIII treatment. According to Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) results, the best solution was obtained by PIII for 150 minutes resulting in ~ 65 nm of nitrogen implanted layer, while the sample treated with PIII (75 minutes) and PN (75 minutes) reached ~ 35 nm implanted layer. The improvement of surface properties could also be confirmed by the nanoindentation technique, with values of hardness increasing for both processes. AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) characterization showed that the single step PIII process presented greater efficiency than the duplex process (PIII + PN), probably due to the sputtering occurring during the second step (PN) removing partially the implanted layer of first step (PIII).

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Surface engineering to improve tribological performance of Ti–6Al–4V

Cited by 123 publications

References 5 publications

Surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V alloys using triode plasma oxidation treatments

Surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V alloys using triode plasma oxidation treatments

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Hybrid processing of Ti-6Al-4V using plasma immersion ion implantation combined with plasma nitriding

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