Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for antiplatelet therapy effectiveness assessment

Abstract

Platelet activation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in patients with coronary and cerebrovascular ischemic disease. The most important task in the treatment and prevention such complications is the complete suppression of platelet activity. Inhibition of platelet aggregation is currently a key therapeutic approach in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular atherosclerotic origin. The development of new and more effective methods for prediction of the response of patients to antiplatelet therapy and its subsequent correction appears to be the most important task of modern physics, biophysics, and medicine. Platelets obtained from patient specimens have been investigated by Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with the diode-pumped solid-state laser (λ = 532 nm) on Au/Ti rough surfaces. As a result, a set of optimal experimental parameters for platelets discrimination have been determined. Platelet spectral data for healthy volunteers, healthy volunteers on antiplatelet therapy and individuals with cardiovascular pathology on antiplatelet therapy have been analyzed. We suggest that the obtained results allow the usage of the SERS as a diagnostic tool for determination of both inhibition of platelet aggregation and its structure conformation.

Spectral and time-resolved photoluminescence of human platelets doped with platinum nanoparticles

“…We used preparation protocol previously described in [ 31 ] briefly, fresh venous blood samples were taken from healthy volunteer in vacuum tube containing EDTA (BD Vacutainer® spray-coated K2EDTA Tubes). It was centrifuged at 60 g for 15 min to separate platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and then the PRP was collected and placed to the new tube.…”

“…They are also not susceptible to oxidation and the formation of an oxide film on the NP surface (unlike aluminum), which can significantly affect their sensory properties [ 30 ]. The platelet fluorescence is caused by aromatic amino acid complex consisting of Tyr, Trp, and Phe, which are components of platelet membrane [ 31 ] and platelet receptors [ 32 ]. Since the absorption spectra of these amino acids belong to ultraviolet (UV) region and overlap with the plasmon absorption spectrum of platinum NPs in the same spectral region, it makes possible to observe and investigate photophysical processes by means of FRET analysis of energy transfer [ 33 ] constants between NPs and platelets.…”

Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Biochemical and Medical Analysis

“…Although this approach is less specific than a nanosensor-based approach, it still provides quite promising results when combined with highly advanced data analysis. Some of the latest examples of label-free SERS applications are: measuring the urine of a patient to detect and monitor the risk of a relapse of prostate cancer (Ma et al, 2021); characterizing the hepatitis C viral (HCV) RNA extracted from different blood samples of patients with HCV infection (Nasir et al, 2020); diagnosing ulcerative colitis in blood plasma (Tefas et al, 2021); and assessing the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy (Zyubin et al, 2020). In labelfree experiments, unfortunately, it is usually impossible to find a new band differentiating two sets of samples.…”

Spectral homogeneity of human platelets investigated by SERS

“…Raman-based spectroscopy methods used to perform the analysis of the molecular components such as amino acids, proteins, lipids, etc. [ 8 , 9 ] can bring the understanding of the platelet structure and its spectral response to the antiplatelet therapy, which is the key to personalized medicine. Despite the fact that all platelets are heterogeneous in size, age, and responsiveness to different activators and morphologically and functionally different platelet subpopulations participate in the spatiotemporal regulation of hemostatic plug and thrombus formation [ 10 , 11 ] the platelet spectral homogeneity (or heterogeneity) is still an important question today.…”