Surface film formation on TiSnSb electrodes: Impact of electrolyte additives

Zhang, Wanjie; Ghamouss, Fouad; Darwiche, Ali; Monconduit, Laure; Lemordant, Daniel; Dedryvère, Rémi; Martínez, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.041

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Strong F 1s peak in Fig. 6(e) at a binding energy of 688.8 eV was attributed to the PVDF in the electrode, and peak position of the cycled electrode was shifted to a lower binding energy of 688.0 eV, which indicates presence of fluorinated lithium phosphate species in the SEI layer [30]. Peak of the pristine electrode at a binding energy of 284.8 eV was attributed to hydrocarbon contamination (C-H), which is always detected on the surface, and another peak at a binding energy of 286.4 eV could be assigned to C-S bonding in the SnS 2 /SnO 2 /C hierarchical heterostructures, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS2/SnO2/C Hierarchical Heterostructures for Li-ion Batteries Anode with Superior Rate Capabilities

Chen

Yokoshima

Nara

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Novel three-dimensional hierarchical heterostructures composed of two-dimensional SnS 2 nanoflakes and zero-dimensional SnO 2 nanoparticles were fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal method. Size of the heterostructures was ca. 2 µm in diameter, and individual SnS 2 nanoflakes with thickness of ca. 150 nm were connected to central core of the heterostructures. The SnO 2 nanoparticles in a diameter of ca. 5 nm uniformly covered entire surface of the SnS 2 nanoflakes. Moreover, both of these structures were highly crystalline. Meanwhile, amorphous carbon was formed within the heterostructures. The SnS 2 /SnO 2 /C hierarchical heterostructures had a high initial specific reversible capacity of 1065.7 mAh g -1 , s` cycling stability of 638 mAh g -1 after 30 cycles, and superior rate capability of 550.8 mAh g -1 at 1C rate. These SnS 2 /SnO 2 /C hierarchical heterostructures showed better performance than individual SnS 2 and SnO 2 nanomaterials, and the performance was even higher than the graphene-SnS 2 and graphene-SnO 2 nanohybrid materials. This is attributed to a synergistic effect of high surface area, which is provided by the unique SnS 2 internal nanoflake layered structures decorated with ultra-fine SnO 2 nanoparticles, and an effective beneficial buffer matrix to accommodate the large volume change upon cycling, which is caused by the side-products such as Li 2 S or Li 2 O. The SnS 2 nanoflake was deduced to play a similar role as graphene material, since both possess 2D conducting layer structures.The uniform carbon dispersion within the structures also stabilizes the structures and improves electrical conductivity of the hierarchical heterostructures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…6(c) are attributed to the SnO 2 and hydroxyl group on the surface, respectively [27]. After 300 cycles, the peaks shifted to higher binding energies of 532.7 eV and 533.3 eV, which could be attributed to Li 2 CO 3 or carbonate in the SEI layer [29,30]. The Li 1s spectrum of the electrode after 300 cycles, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS2/SnO2/C Hierarchical Heterostructures for Li-ion Batteries Anode with Superior Rate Capabilities

Chen

Yokoshima

Nara

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…New peaks characteristic of CO 3 and C-O are increased in the C 1s spectrum while the peak associated with graphite is decreased. In addition, a small shoulder is observed at 291 eV consistent with the presence of poly(FEC), 25 but this peak has significantly weaker intensity than observed with added VC. The O 1s, F 1s, and P 2p spectra are very similar to that observed for the standard electrolyte.…”

Section: Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Nie

Demeaux

Young

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

199

173

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Binder free (BF) graphite electrodes were utilized to investigate the effect of electrolyte additives fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) on the structure of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). The structure of the SEI has been investigated via ex-situ surface analysis including X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Hard XPS (HAXPES), Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The components of the SEI have been further investigated via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of D 2 O extractions. The SEI generated on the BF-graphite anode with a standard electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) / ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), 3/7 (v/v)) is composed primarily of lithium alkyl carbonates (LAC) and LiF. Incorporation of VC (3% wt) results in the generation of a thinner SEI composed of Li 2 CO 3 , poly(VC), LAC, and LiF. Incorporation of VC inhibits the generation of LAC and LiF. Incorporation of FEC (3% wt) also results in the generation of a thinner SEI composed of Li 2 CO 3 , poly(FEC), LAC, and LiF. The concentration of poly(FEC) is lower than the concentration of poly(VC) and the generation of LAC is inhibited in the presence of FEC. The SEI appears to be a homogeneous film for all electrolytes investigated. Lithium ion batteries have been used to power portable electronic devices for decades. Interest in lithium ion batteries has expanded to include electric vehicles (EV) due to their high energy density. [1][2][3] However, the calendar life of many lithium ion batteries is insufficient for the >10 year life expectancy of an EV.1 Thus there have been many recent investigations on methods to improve the calendar life of lithium ion batteries. Graphite is the most widely used anode material in lithium ion batteries. 4,5 During the initial charging cycles of the lithium ion battery a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is generated on the graphite surface.6,7 The SEI acts as a passivation layer to inhibit further electrolyte reduction. 8 The SEI generated from standard ethylene carbonate based electrolytes has moderate thermal stability which leads to moderate calendar life. 9 In an effort to improve the stability of the SEI many film forming additives have been investigated. 10,11 Vinylene Carbonate (VC) and Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC) are among the most widely investigated electrolyte additives.12 VC has been used in many lithium ion batteries to increase first cycle efficiency, improve the high temperature stability, and improve the calendar life.13-16 FEC has largely been used in silicon-based anode materials to improve capacity retention, but has also been investigated with graphite anodes.15,17 However, there have been limited direct comparisons of the effects from FEC and VC on graphite electrodes especially related to differences in the structure of the anode SEI.The investigations of the components and morphology changes on graphite anode surfaces upon incorporation of small quantities of additives in a standard electrolyte 1....

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“…[27,68] Through SEM and IR measurements, we have shown previously that our active materiali sv ery sensitive to air exposure, which leads to surfacec ontamination and sodium carbonates can be detectedb yI Rs pectroscopy. The peak at lower binding energy ( % 529.2 eV) is characteristico ft he active material Na x Co 2/3 Mn 2/9 Ni 1/9 O 2 .T he three other components at higher binding energies (between 531 and 535 eV) are assigned to different oxygenated speciesa tt he surface.…”

Section: Pristinee Lectrodementioning

confidence: 87%

Passivation Layer and Cathodic Redox Reactions in Sodium‐Ion Batteries Probed by HAXPES

et al. 2015

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The cathode material P2-Nax Co2/3 Mn2/9 Ni1/9 O2, which could be used in Na-ion batteries, was investigated through synchrotron-based hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Nondestructive analysis was made through the electrode/electrolyte interface of the first electrochemical cycle to ensure access to information not only on the active material, but also on the passivation layer formed at the electrode surface and referred to as the solid permeable interface (SPI). This investigation clearly shows the role of the SPI and the complexity of the redox reactions. Cobalt, nickel, and manganese are all electrochemically active upon cycling between 4.5 and 2.0 V; all are in the 4+ state at the end of charging. Reduction to Co(3+), Ni(3+), and Mn(3+) occurs upon discharging and, at low potential, there is partial reversible reduction to Co(2+) and Ni(2+). A thin layer of Na2 CO3 and NaF covers the pristine electrode and reversible dissolution/reformation of these compounds is observed during the first cycle. The salt degradation products in the SPI show a dependence on potential. Phosphates mainly form at the end of the charging cycle (4.5 V), whereas fluorophosphates are produced at the end of discharging (2.0 V).

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Surface film formation on TiSnSb electrodes: Impact of electrolyte additives

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS2/SnO2/C Hierarchical Heterostructures for Li-ion Batteries Anode with Superior Rate Capabilities

One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS2/SnO2/C Hierarchical Heterostructures for Li-ion Batteries Anode with Superior Rate Capabilities

Effect of Vinylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate on SEI Formation on Graphitic Anodes in Li-Ion Batteries

Passivation Layer and Cathodic Redox Reactions in Sodium‐Ion Batteries Probed by HAXPES

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