Surface fixation of dried blood by glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid

Kampf, Günter; Bloss, R; Martiny, H

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.02.004

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…By visual examination, our Coomassie blue assay indicated that glutardialdehyde and peracetic acid fixed blood proteins to carrier surfaces, compared with cleaning by water alone, which is in accordance with previously reported findings using metal carriers (Kampf et al, 2004). In contrast, blood-contaminated carriers that were incubated in the formulation of 0.2 % SDS, 0.3 % NaOH and 20 % n-propanol did not show a stronger Coomassie blue staining than that observed after cleaning with water.…”

Section: Protein Binding To Surfaces By Formulations Used For Disinfesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…When brain homogenate was used as the organic contaminant instead of blood, incubation in peracetic acid again produced a strong staining signal with Coomassie blue, whilst no staining was found after treatment in glutardialdehyde. As glutardialdehyde is well known for its protein-fixing properties (Kampf et al, 2004), this finding may indicate that glutardialdehyde interferes with the staining reaction by masking binding sites for Coomassie blue. Such potentially interfering effects, which may also explain why the blood samples treated with glutardialdehyde did not show a blue Coomassie stain but rather their original reddish staining, have to be taken into account when interpreting the findings of our assay.…”

Section: Protein Binding To Surfaces By Formulations Used For Disinfementioning

confidence: 92%

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Fast, broad-range disinfection of bacteria, fungi, viruses and prions

Beekes

Lemmer

Thomzig

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Effective disinfectants are of key importance for the safe handling and reprocessing of surgical instruments. This study tested whether new formulations containing SDS, NaOH and 1-propanol (n-propanol) are simultaneously active against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, fungi, non-enveloped viruses and prions. Inactivation and disinfection were examined in suspension and on carriers, using coagulated blood or brain homogenate as an organic contaminant. Coomassie blue staining was used to assess whether the formulations undesirably fixed proteins to rough surfaces. A mixture of 0.2 % SDS and 0.3 % NaOH in 20 % n-propanol achieved potent decontamination of steel carriers contaminated with PrP TSE , the biochemical marker for prion infectivity, from 263K scrapie hamsters or from patients with sporadic or variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 263K scrapie infectivity on carriers was decreased by ¢5.5 logs. Furthermore, the formulation effectively inactivated poliovirus, hepatitis A virus and caliciviruses (including murine norovirus) in suspension tests. It also yielded significant titre reductions of bacteria (Enterococcus faecium, Mycobacterium avium; .6 logs), fungi (spores of Aspergillus niger; ¢5 logs) and poliovirus (.4 logs) embedded in coagulated blood on carriers. The formulation was not found to fix proteins more than was observed with water as the cleaning reagent. In conclusion, SDS, NaOH and n-propanol can synergistically achieve fast, broad-range disinfection.

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Section: Protein Binding To Surfaces By Formulations Used For Disinfesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Protein Binding To Surfaces By Formulations Used For Disinfementioning

confidence: 92%

Fast, broad-range disinfection of bacteria, fungi, viruses and prions

Beekes

Lemmer

Thomzig

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…Detergent-based formulations are capable to remove between 88% and 95% of dried blood while peracetic acidbased formulations only removed 8%-59% depending on the type of formulation [183,189] . These results indicate that dried blood is not removed as easily by peracetic acidbased formulations compared with detergent-based formulations.…”

Section: Blood On Flexible Endoscopes After Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Kampf

Fliss

Martiny

2014

WJGE

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The bioburden (blood, protein, pathogens and biofilm) on flexible endoscopes after use is often high and its removal is essential to allow effective disinfection, especially in the case of peracetic acid-based disinfectants, which are easily inactivated by organic material. Cleaning processes using conventional cleaners remove a variable but often sufficient amount of the bioburden. Some formulations based on peracetic acid are recommended by manufacturers for the cleaning step. We performed a systematic literature search and reviewed the available evidence to clarify the suitability of peracetic acid-based formulations for cleaning flexible endoscopes. A total of 243 studies were evaluated. No studies have yet demonstrated that peracetic acidbased cleaners are as effective as conventional cleaners. Some peracetic acid-based formulations have demonstrated some biofilm-cleaning effects and no biofilmfixation potential, while others have a limited cleaning effect and a clear biofilm-fixation potential. All published data demonstrated a limited blood cleaning effect and a substantial blood and nerve tissue fixation potential of peracetic acid. No evidence-based guidelines on reprocessing flexible endoscopes currently recommend using cleaners containing peracetic acid, but some guidelines clearly recommend not using them because of their fixation potential. Evidence from some outbreaks, especially those involving highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that disinfection using peracetic acid may be insufficient if the preceding cleaning step is not performed adequately. Based on this review we conclude that peracetic acid-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes. Key words: Peracetic acid; Cleaning; Flexible endoscope; Biofilm; Resistance; Bioburden; Blood; Disinfection; Reprocessing Core tip: Some formulations based on peracetic acid (PAA) are recommended by manufacturers for cleaning flexible endoscopes. We reviewed 243 studies to analyse the evidence for this recommendation. No study demonstrated that PAA-based cleaners were as effective as conventional cleaners, and some PAA-based formulations had clear biofilm-fixation potential. Dried blood and nerve tissue were substantially fixed by PAA. Some outbreaks, especially of highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that insufficient cleaning could not be compensated for by using PAA in the disinfection step. PAA-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes.

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“…Organic matter not removed during the cleaning process is fixed on the surface of the endoscope by the action of glutaraldehyde hindering or even preventing the reprocessing and promoting blockage of the channels within the endoscope (9,13) . Rinsing only external surfaces in endoscope reprocessing (Table 4) allows organic matter (blood, mucus, pus and secretions) to remain on the equipment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscope reprocessing using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services of Goiânia, Brazil

Barbosa¹,

Souza

Tipple

et al. 2010

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -The endoscopic procedure safety depends on the use of an adequately reprocessed device which quality is related to each of its operational steps. Objective -To characterize the reprocessing of endoscopes using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services Methods -Study was conducted by observing the reprocessing of 60 endoscopes from 20 medical practices of the municipality of Goiânia, GO, central area of Brazil. Results -This study showed failure in all reprocessing steps. The pre-washing was performed in 24 (40.0%) of the endoscope. In the cleaning steps, was identify the improper use of enzymatic detergent, and in 27 (45.0%) cases, the brushing of internal channels was not performed. All 60 endoscopes were submitted to this disinfectant. However, for 33 (55.0%) of the cases the internal channels was not filled. The total immersion of endoscope in the glutaraldehyde was not performed in 39 (65.0%) cases. The recommended minimum total immersion time for exposure to 2% glutaraldehyde solution was followed only for 12 (20.0%) endoscopes. There was no filter for water treatment used in the rinse of most endoscopes 54 (90.0%) and to dry the internal channels only 6 (10.0%) of them used compressed air. Adequate storing conditions were identified. Conclusion -Considering the particularities of the endoscope and its reprocessing, it is imperative to establish protocols to ensure the quality of the disinfection and the prevention of cross-contamination.

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Surface fixation of dried blood by glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Fast, broad-range disinfection of bacteria, fungi, viruses and prions

Fast, broad-range disinfection of bacteria, fungi, viruses and prions

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Endoscope reprocessing using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services of Goiânia, Brazil

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