Surface Functionalization of TiO₂ Nanotubes with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Its Synergistic Effect on the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

To investigate the influence of surface-functionalized substrates with nanostructures on the behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells, we conjugated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) onto TiO(2) nanotubes with different diameter sizes of 30, 60, and 100 nm for in vitro study. Polydopamine was employed as the intermediate layer for the conjugation of BMP2. The successful conjugation of BMP2 onto TiO(2) nanotubes was revealed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Immunofluorescence staining of vinculin, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) revealed that BMP2-functionalized TiO(2) nanotubes was favorable for cell growth. More importantly, MSCs cultured onto BMP2-functionalized TiO(2) nanotubes displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) differentiation levels of ALP and mineralization after 7 and 14 day cultures, respectively. The results suggested that surface functionalization of TiO(2) nanotubes with BMP2 was beneficial for cell proliferation and differentiation. The approach presented here has potential application for the development of titanium-based implants for enhanced bone osseointegration.

Effects of titanium nanoparticles on adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…28 Briefly, MSC were incubated with TiO 2 particles (0.10 mg/mL) for 15 days at an initial seeding density of 5 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 . The cells were washed with phosphate-buffered solution and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde at 4°C for 20 minutes.…”

Optimizing stem cell functions and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanotubes incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles: experiments and modeling

“…22 The formation of focal adhesion contacts and cell adhesion is an important starting point for cell proliferation, differentiation, and some cellular behaviors, which is activated by the formation of vinculin adhesion spots. 23,24 The higher expression exhibited better adhesion. It has been reported that various kinds of physical stresses can accelerate stem cell differentiation into specific cells.…”

Nanolayer formation on titanium by phosphonated gelatin for cell adhesion and growth enhancement

“…[20][21][22] In addition, as another non-canonical amino acid, phosphonated serine has been applied to underwater adhesion. [23][24][25] Such phosphate groups have been found in the underwater adhesive proteins of the sandcastle worm and caddy silks, 16,17 which interact specifically with a titanium surface.…”