Surface Functionalization with Phosphazenes, Part 3:  Surface Modification of Plasma-Treated Polyethylene with Fluorinated Alcohols Using Chlorinated Phosphazenes as Coupling Agents

Abstract

In this paper, we present a new strategy to functionalize the surface of high-density polyethylene plates using a cold plasma technique and chlorinated phosphazenes as coupling agents. The clean surface of polyethylene samples was modified by argon plasma treatments to introduce polar groups (e.g., CdO, COOR, OR, OH, etc.); the free hydroxylic functions thus introduced were successively reacted with (NPCl 2 ) 3 and (NPCl 2 ) n to graft these substrates onto the surface of the polymer samples through the formation of strong covalent Cl-P-O-HDPE bonds. The residual unreacted chlorines, still present in the phosphazenes, were eventually substituted with alkoxy substituents (e.g., trifluoroethanol and heptadecafluorononanol) according to the classical nucleophilic substitution reaction of both cyclic and polymeric phosphazene materials. In this way, surface features of polyethylene samples could be deeply modified in a rather general and easy way.

Grafting of amine-capped cross-linked polyphosphazenes onto carbon fiber surfaces: a novel coupling agent for fiber reinforced composites

“…20 Furthermore, surface modication of conventional polymer lms using HCCP or polydichlorocyclotriphosphazene as coupling agents has also been carried out to functionalize the solid substrate to adapt external characteristics, and thus opening for these materials very valuable applicative domains, due to the high reactivity of P-Cl with the free hydroxyl groups or amine groups on the material surface. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, the polymerization of polydichlorocyclotriphosphazene was always carried out at harsh reaction condition, such as high temperature (250 C) and long polymerization time in vacuum. 28 In this study, we proposed a new surface treatment to functionalize carbon bers by graing the amine-capped cross-linked polyphosphazenes (ACP) through in situ polycondensation between HCCP and 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenyl ether (DDE) under mild conditions.…”

Surface modification of linear low‐density polyethylene film by amphiphilic graft copolymers based on poly(higher α‐olefin)‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol)

“…Today a large variety of techniques ranging from traditional to modern, and laboratory to industrial scale, are available in the literature for the surface modification of PE. The common ways of surface modification of PE are flame treatment,1, 2 surface grafting by redox initiators,3, 4 chemical treatment,5–8 grafting polymerization,9–13 corona treatment,14, 15 photochemical treatment,16, 17 halogenation,18, 19 plasma treatment,20–25 high‐energy‐radiation treatment,26, 27 and blending 28, 29…”

Surface functionalization with phosphazene substrates—part VII. Silicon‐based materials functionalized with hexachlorocyclophosphazene

“…Similarly, polyethylene and/or polyamide-6 solid plates were preliminarily treated with cold argon plasma at room temperature to introduce polar functions on the surface of these materials [13,14] (e.g. C O, COOH, COOR, COR and COH); the hydroxylic functions obtained in this manner were subsequently treated with HCCP and with PDCP to graft onto the surface partially substituted cyclic and polymeric chlorophosphazenes.…”