Surface glycoprotein of Borna disease virus mediates virus spread from cell to cell

Lennartz, Frank; Bayer, Karen; Czerwonka, Nadine; Lu, Yinghui; Kehr, Kristine; Hirz, Manuela; Steinmetzer, Torsten; Garten, Wolfgang; Herden, Christiane

doi:10.1111/cmi.12515

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…PIV5, parainfluenza virus 5; TBE, tick‐borne encephalitis virus; LCMV, lymphocytic choriomenengitis virus; UUKV, Uukuniemi virus; VV, vaccinia virus (data are for the mature form, WR strain); ASFV, African swine fever virus; SHFV, simian hemorrhagic fever virus; BDV, Borna disease virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus. Additional information for the table can be found in references . For HBV, entry appears independent of late endosomal pH, but may require redox potential .…”

Section: Virus Fusion In Endosomes: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes

White

Whittaker

2016

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Ari Helenius launched the field of enveloped virus fusion in endosomes with a seminal paper in the Journal of Cell Biology in 1980. In the intervening years a great deal has been learned about the structures and mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins as well as about the endosomes in which different enveloped viruses fuse and the endosomal cues that trigger fusion. We now recognize three classes of viral membrane fusion proteins based on structural criteria and four mechanisms of fusion triggering. After reviewing general features of viral membrane fusion proteins and viral fusion in endosomes, we delve into three characterized mechanisms for viral fusion triggering in endosomes: by low pH, by receptor binding plus low pH, and by receptor binding plus the action of a protease. We end with a discussion of viruses that may employ novel endosomal fusion triggering mechanisms. A key take home message is that enveloped viruses that enter cells by fusing in endosomes traverse the endocytic pathway until they reach an endosome that has all of the environmental conditions (pH, proteases, ions, intracellular receptors, and lipid composition) to (if needed) prime and (in all cases) trigger the fusion protein and to support membrane fusion.

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Section: Virus Fusion In Endosomes: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fusion mechanism of BDV is not clear. Its single glycoprotein (GP) is cleaved by furin (to GP1 and GP2), this cleavage is important for fusion and GP2 is postulated to possess fusion activity . However, high‐resolution structural information is not available for either GP1 or GP2.…”

Section: Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins: General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes

White

Whittaker

2016

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“…Other routes, for example, subcutaneous infection, have been reported but are less efficient [21]. Interestingly, BoDV-1 employs unique strategies such as nuclear transcription and replication in order to establish a neurotropic, non-cytolytic, and persistent infection [5,22]. However, data on the necessity of the initial transcription and replication at the entry site and at susceptible cell types have so far been addressed only for intracerebral infection, where neurons seem to provide the most efficient replication site [23], but not for the intranasal route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity

Kupke

Becker

Wewetzer

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Mammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, and was recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in humans with and without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory pathway. However, (I) susceptible cell types that replicate the virus for successful spread, and (II) the role of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), remained unclear. To address this, we studied the intranasal infection of adult rats with BoDV-1 in vivo and in vitro, using olfactory mucosal (OM) cell cultures and the cultures of purified OECs. Strikingly, in vitro and in vivo, viral antigen and mRNA were present from four days post infection (dpi) onwards in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), but also in all other cell types of the OM, and constantly in the OECs. In contrast, in vivo, BoDV-1 genomic RNA was only detectable in adult and juvenile ORNs, nerve fibers, and in OECs from 7 dpi on. In vitro, the rate of infection of OECs was significantly higher than that of the OM cells, pointing to a crucial role of OECs for infection via the olfactory pathway. Thus, this study provides important insights into the transmission of neurotropic viral infections with a zoonotic potential.

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“…Природними господарями борнавірусів вважаються коні та вівці, у яких ці віруси викликають чіткі неврологічні ураження -енцефаліти, енцефаломієліти, що часто закінчуються загибеллю тварин (Richt et al, 1997;Ludwig and Bode, 2000;Tizard et al, 2016). Окрім коней і овець вірус здатний інфікувати досить широкий спектр інших теплокровних тварин, має специфічний цикл реплікації, що спричиняє порушення сигнальних шляхів у ЦНС із виникненням невропатії, ураженням лімбічної системи (Bonnaud et al, 2015;Lennartz et al, 2016). Залежно від віку та виду господаря, іноді статі та часу зара-ження, а також особливостей імунної системи вірусна хвороба Борна може перебігати як безсимптомно (Lundgren et al, 1993;Richt and Rott, 2001), так і спричиняти широкий спектр поведінкових розладів (Staeheli et al, 2000;de la Torre, 2002;Hornig et al, 2003).…”

Section: біологічні особливості борнавірусівunclassified

“…Його здатність викликати неврологічні та поведінкові розлади у свійських тварин (коні, вівці) також показана для інших видів хребетних тварин, у тому числі лабораторних (пацюки, миші) (Ikuta et al, 2002). Численні дослідження з вивчення його циркуляції серед диких і домашніх тварин, вплив на поведінкові реакції, порушення з боку сенсорних систем, зміну поведінки та інше з'являються чи не щороку (Kinnunen et al, 2013;Bonnaud et al, 2015;Kuhn et al, 2015;Lennartz et al, 2016).…”

Section: значення борнавірусів у патології людиниunclassified

Borna disease virus and its role in the pathology of animals and humans

Mikheev¹

2017

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Infectious diseases that are caused by numerous pathogenic microorganisms – bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi – can be transmitted from patients or carriers to healthy people or animals. A large group of infectious disease is caused by pathogens of animal infections – zoonoses. The issue of zoonoses is of great significance in human pathology and requires comprehensive study. This is of particular relevance to Ukraine, as the question of prevalence, level within the population and threats to human life and health from zoonoses, though highly important, has remained insufficiently studied. Information about many of these pathogens is absent in the existing scientific literature accessible in Ukraine – both veterinary and medical. This applies, in particular, to a causative agent of viral zoonoses the Borna disease virus or Bornavirus. For this purpose, an analysis of the literature concerning the role of the Bornavirus in the pathology of animals and humans was conducted. It is well known that a large number of pathogens of animal infections (zoonoses), including viral, pose a potential threat to human health. Among these potential threats is the Borna disease virus belonging to the family of Bornaviridae, order Mononegavirales. This order includes representatives of deadly human diseases like rabies (family Rhabdoviridae), Ebola virus (family Filoviridae) and Nipah virus (family Paramyxoviridae). Borna virus disease affects mainly mammals, but can infect birds and even reptiles (Aspid bornavirus). It is established that Bornaviruses have a wide range of natural hosts (horses, sheeps, cats, bats and various birds), including domestic animals, which poses a potential threat to human health. This is evidenced by numerous, although contradictory, research into the role of the Borna disease virus in human pathologies such as schizophrenia, depression, prolonged fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and others. Analysis of the literature clearly shows the important role of the Borna disease virus in a variety of mental and behavioural changes in animals, both wild and domestic. However, the large amount of contradictory data and studies cannot yet provide a clear picture of the role of this virus in human pathology. On the one hand, there are clear data of the presence of RNA of the Bourna disease virus and antibodies to it in patients with psychoneurotic changes. On the other, there is no clear understanding of the infectivity of the virus in humans and its transmission from animals to humans and from person to person. These questions require further research and comprehensive study, particularly on the territory of Ukraine.

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Surface glycoprotein of Borna disease virus mediates virus spread from cell to cell

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes

Fusion of Enveloped Viruses in Endosomes

Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity

Borna disease virus and its role in the pathology of animals and humans

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